Description of Croquet The Internet Essay

In Victorian England, the game croquet was a completely neutral area where social ranking and gender did not matter, and about which people could interact without inhibition. For the past few years, it has been the goal of a research team of bright and visionary industry gurus, namely, Julian Lombardi, Mark McCahill, Andreas Raab, David Reed, and David Smith, to capture that sense of interactivity and bring it to the Internet. Their tool for doing so is Croquet, an open-source software system where information can be shared and converted into a three-dimensional framework. In the current paper, I intend to briefly define Croquet, present its applications and impact on cyberspace, and expound on its regulability and sociability as discussed by Lessig and Castells. Description of Croquet The Internet, for all its information and supposed interactivity, existed only as what Lombardi described as a â€Å"high-speed textbook†. Even though speed and quality of the hardware has improved drastically, the medium is still the same: information is displayed as if it was on a sheet of paper. Croquet developers tried to solve this problem and finally showed how they were making the Internet do its job differently. They opened with a 3-D courtyard dubbed the â€Å"Cirque du Croquet†. Croquet is focused on interaction within a 3D shared space and is a new open source computer operating system built from the ground up to enable deep collaboration among teams of users (Smith, Kay, Raab, & Reed, 2003). As such, it is fundamentally based on user space and users’ needs. Applications of Croquet Personally, I find it hard to imagine this 3D space as a true day-to-day working environment. It seems a bigger leap from the milestone we made from evolving from paper-based print to green screen interfaces, and from those old green screens to Windows. Then again, I am quite certain that it is not that big a leap to the generations that have been brought up with intense exposure to computer games in 3D environments – in stark contrast against Super Mario 2, Tetris, or Pac Man. I am willing to believe that this represents a valid scenario for the next shift— indeed, we have only been through a few generations of this web world, and the change continues to be markedly rapid. Inside Croquet, each avatar can make changes – move a virtual mirror, make changes to a document or spreadsheet, upload a picture and play a game of chess – and all of the changes are displayed to the other person in real time. Moreover, users can build a completely new space and move into it using arrow keys and the mouse. This new space can be either public or private, and users can place more information or graphics or even the link to an invisible page inside. Croquet’s 3D makeup also allows for more flexibility than existing online systems. Since windows can be tilted for a 360-degree view, it provides a perspective angle of flash animation. Basic paint programs can also render a new figure inside the software easily, as Lombardi (n. d. ) demonstrated by drawing a crude shark, which was instantly visible in a 3-D fishtank instantly. For a practical example, I Croquet may possibly be applied in a hospital setting. Croquet’s interactivity would be useful in fields like healthcare where poor communication is a major issue. A virtual tool like Croquet would give physicians a different way of organizing their information and test it out, while at the same time communicating with other doctors and modifying the data collectively. Moreover, since Croquet was designed as a highly modifiable environment, developers may intend and be able to add new tools and capabilities. Cyberspace Cyberspace is about making a different (or second) life (Lessig, 2006 – ensure that this is indicated in the references page). Croquet is basically Second Life, and much more. From an optimistic viewpoint, Croquet can be a private network. In other words, only those you want in your space can get in there. On the other hand, Second life sometimes violates the right of privacy of users by requiring them give their information to third party sources. Secondly, Croquet is probably more eye candy than anything else, but there are live snapshots of other virtual environments. This is the equivalent of bookmarks, but live pictures of what is going on at those other places. It would be great since the user would be privy about other people’s whereabouts without having to actually go there. In fact, Tanaka (2003) has expounded on this feature of Croquet, presenting it as an effectual means of processing hypermedia. He has specifically explored the concept of portals that pose strong promise in buiilding digital libraries of the future. In addition, in contrast with HTML, Croquet allows the viewing of spaces by users, and the movement of such portals. Users may also use these portals as bookmarks, allowing the memorization of this target space (Tanaka, 2003, p. 2). Lastly, Croquet is a complete 3D workspace that allows for co-creativity, knowledge sharing and deep social presence among large numbers of people at a time (Tanaka, 2003). On the other hand, from pessimistic view, I am worried about the ease of use of Croquet. Yes, the people who designed it could navigate and get around, but it looks a bit more complicated than Second Life. There are certain questions that are left unanswered at this point. For instance, are there logs of everything that happens? What about the ability to lock down certain aspects of the world. If every user can manipulate and change an environment can a student accidentally/deliberately delete a world a teacher creates? The answers to these questions point to aspects of control that must be explicitly answered, whilst the advantages of Croquet seem apparent. The degree of control that a user has on these powerful aspects of Croquet may partly determine how aptly users will utilize it. Regulability One other issue of the effectuality of Croquet is its regulability. For instance, the creation of â€Å"open† and globally scalable social computing spaces can cause some to ask the following: To what extent will we need to impose â€Å"rules† on people’s behaviors in such spaces? What types of â€Å"rules† are necessary? Who will come up with such â€Å"rules† and how will they be enforced? How can we find a balance between personal liberty and the need for regulating behaviors in â€Å"open† cyberspaces? These are but some of the sensitive issues that have to be explicitly dealt with before the full, successful launch of Croquet is possible. Life in cyberspace is regulated primarily through the code of cyberspace (Lessig, 2006). I think Croquet as it is being developed now does not have regulability as a central concern. However, over time, if Croquet spreads and increases in popularity, users will begin to realize the importance of and build regulability back in. Croquet’s users/developers may freely share, modify and view the source code of the entire system. In other words, users can make their own regulability in their worlds. The single biggest reason why Croquet will become the future operating system is that the users can run and modify the code that the worlds are built on and they can integrate their own application. While Croquet seems to be the perfect tool for encouraging knowledge sharing and creativity, a structure for regulating it must be clearly defined to be able to ensure its success. There may be areas that seem vague at the moment, including the rules that should regulate it, the enforcing parties, and the level of control that the system must accorded to its users. The fact that regulability seems to rely solely on the hands of users may be both risky and dangerous – and is an aspect that must be seriously dealt with by the system’s advocates. Sociability The spread of Internet is making social exchanges based on fake identities and role-playing (Castells, 2001 – make sure this source is indicated in your bibliography). Those of us who have participated heavily in online communities over the years have substantial experience in dealing with imposters, forgers, and the ever-present anonymous cowards who can disrupt meaningful discourse. Effective online educational environments must be efficiently insulated from such craft. The Croquet project team is looking into integrating federated identity management system. By doing so, Croquet users who use their own institutional login/password could access protected resources in Croquet places that are hosted by other communities. Federate identity management system would provide numerous benefits to the educational and institutional use of Croquet. For example, multiple institutions could cooperate in creating restricted access learning environments in which students and educators from those institutions could interact and learn – without the need for each institution to set up an account for all the users of such spaces. A side benefit of this is that Fair Use limitation provisions on copyright laws would allow copyrightable materials to be distributed in such spaces – a feature that is really important to educators (and is probably one of the main reasons that academic institutions employ the use of cumbersome Course Management Systems over plain old websites, blogs, and wikis). Conclusion The current paper began with a brief introduction of Croquet, presenting it as a new soft ware that allows users to interact within a three-dimensional shared space, and which seems to be tailor fit to user space and their needs. This new software will allow each avatar to make changes that shall be displayed in 3D format, in real time. Croquet also holds promise to settings that require intensive interactivity, such as in hospital settings – the software prospectively allows doctors to communicate and change data collaboratively. Both the negative and positive aspects of Croquet as a channel in cyberspace has been presented. On a positive note, it may be used as a private network, an effective hypermedia processor, and a channel that encourages knowledge sharing, creativity and interaction. On the other hand, it may pose risks against users’ right to privacy, and has obvious ambivalent problems with regards to regulability and sociability. In our library and information space, we can see how our special information expertise contributes to the success of our users and the teams we work in and with. If Croquet is inevitable, we had better be early adopters. In order to use this Croquet scenario effectively, in our own visioning sessions, we can use it as a framework to think about what our future workspaces, offices, and intranets will look like. What skills will we need? What skills do we already have that will increase in importance? How can information be delivered in this environment? How do we increase our relevance in this kind of space? Good questions and ones that we should struggle to understand now and not much later when we have already been immersed in the wave of change. References Lombardi, J. (n. d. ) Socio-computational systems, virtual environments, learning contexts, and the Croquet Project. Retreived on January 31, 2008 from http://jlombardi. blogspot. com Smith, D. , Kay, A. , Raab, A. , & Reed, P. (2003). Croquet – a collaboration system architecture. IEEE Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, 2. Tanaka, K. (2003). Tea-time museum: Croquet as a browsing and searching environment for digital libraries. IEEE Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, 12.

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics Exposed

Fraud, Deceptions, and Downright Lies About Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics Exposed Some are cocktail bars, some are dives, and a few are something between. The most significant thing is to retain as much information as you're able to! You'll have lots of time to learn everything you should pass. Think of this the same manner. Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics and Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics - The Perfect Combination Choosing our service, you are going to see that studying can be simple if you gain from the help of capable experts. We highly suggest that you download the PDF together with watching the video. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. For more data on the California bar exam, check out the State Bar of California site. The Good, the Bad and Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics Demonstrating the capability to use the law is essential. It doesn't test your understanding of substantive fields of law. Rather, it's intended to evaluate certain fundamental skill s lawyers are predicted to demonstrate no matter the subject of law where the skills are applied. Rather, it's intended to evaluate certain fundamental skills lawyers are anticipated to demonstrate irrespective of the subject of law where the skills arise. Have a look at our Civil Procedure is the absolute most highly tested subject on the essay section of the exam! There's no restriction on the variety of times each candidate may sit for the bar examination. Another response will be necessary in the months leading to the next exam. Review the previous questions and answers as part of your bar exam preparation. Essays Essays are the most frequent kind of written test utilized by state bar exams. To succeed on the bar exam essays, you've got to understand the substantive regions of law tested forwards and backwards. Use the chapter exams as a pre-assessment to find out your weak spots, then conserve time by working through only the lessons you will need. Taking these timed practice tests will allow you to get ready for the real LSAT exam. You may also find a variety of discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. Any questions you might have about the Subscription Site ought to be answered here. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. The point of a cookie is to tell the Web server that you've returned to a particular page. How to Find Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics Online To be absolutely the most efficient when you study, you are g oing to want to study the subjects which are the most highly tested. The topics of the essays count on the jurisdiction where you are going to be taking the test. You still ought to study all the subjects and center on the most highly tested topics within each subject. Here are the subjects you must study, as they're covered by the MBE. Some Wills questions can be more straightforward while some are often quite tricky, so spend the opportunity to thoroughly review previous Wills essays to become comfortable with the broad assortment of issues that were tested before. Although an applicant's general understanding of the law may offer some background for analyzing an issue, the factual information within the File and the legal principles in the Library are the sole materials that ought to be utilized in formulating a response to the assigned task. Landlord-tenant law also appears to be a typical subject for essay questions. How to Find Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics on the Web Whenever you opt to ask us for skilled support, don't hesitate to get in touch with our support managers. Failing the bar exam can create considerable emotional distress that may have lasting negative results on somebody's personal awareness of self and skilled confidence. There's no charge to talk with an attorney referral counselor. Our cust omer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, together with make sure you are getting the very best service our company may deliver. Top Ny Bar Exam Essay Topics Choices Every time you begin a new essay, you are going to want to stick to the exact template so that you don't waste a minute contemplating the essay structure which you will follow. Next, you will understand your scaled essay score. Your complete essay score is going to be a number in or near the hundreds. You are able to make up with a decrease essay score with a greater MBE score.

The Physics of Roller Coasters - 1466 Words

The anticipation builds. The roller coaster cannot seem reach the peak quickly enough. The train clicks and clacks as it slowly ascends to the summit. Your hands sweat from your tight grasp on to the single lap bar that keeps you in your seat... And on that thought, the adrenaline pumps through your blood. Suddenly your body is flung forward as you plummet down the first drop. Then you are being forced down on the cart’s seat as you arch the bottom of the transition to going up the second hill. Wind whips in your face. The pressure of your lap bar surprises you when you realize your body has left the seat, quickly being pulled back down into place as the earth approaches. The hills get smaller but the experience gets more vivid. Some hills give the feeling that you have left your body behind and you are flying forward, but then your body catches up just in time for the banked turns. The first turn was not so bad but the smaller turn causes you to black out completely. As your vision returns to you, the station is straight ahead and you sigh in relief as you have survived Nitro. What factor allows a roller coaster to give a person such an experience? Physics allows roller coasters to give the human an adrenaline rush. With physics, engineers are able to mathematically calculate each experience a roller coaster has without even having the roller coaster built yet. The equations of the roller coasters allow the engineers to know the forces released on the body, theShow MoreRelatedRoller Coaster Physics1483 Words   |  6 PagesIndividuals love to go to the amusement parks and try out the rides that are available. The most common and thrilling ride is the roller coaster. An amusement park is not an amusement park if it does not contain a roller coaster. What makes these roller coasters so fun that every amuse parks has one. A lot of people would say it is their extreme high speeds that makes it very exciting. 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The Role of a Coach Much More Than Just Sports Essay

What is coaching? Coaching can be interpreted as something so small such as someone that teaches people ranging in all ages a particular sport. But what people do not know is that coaching is more than just a position; it is a partnership. â€Å"Coaching is a one-to-one procedure and a connection between an individual and a coach with specific objectives and goals focused on developing potential, improving interactions, and increasing performance† (Blanchard, 2013). Coaches are usually an expert in their sport and are willing to push potential achievers to where they want to be or what they are willing to become. Being a coach doesn’t just begin like a typical day at work. The coach has to develop a professional relationship with their team or†¦show more content†¦Coaching is becoming an emerging profession and has an increasing number of responsibilities and key roles. Being able to know and understand the sport as a coach is vital. In order for a coach to teach effectively, the sport must be understood by the coach in such a manner that the coach is able to instruct a player in a variety of ways from essential skills to advance tactics and strategies. In some cases, a coach may have previous experience as a player in a particular sport but that does not mean that all players make good coaches. Coaches have major decisions to make and important business to handle such as planning for the season, knowing the progressive nature of training variation, being aware of the rules, and providing a simple, organized environment for athletes to succeed. A coach may think they know all there is to know about a specific sport but a good coach will continue to learn and hone their knowledge to develop new preparation techniques. As with any job, it is imperative to stay up to date with the latest research and technology. 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The al-Qaeda training manual is sobering and provocative Free Essays

The al-Qaeda training manual is sobering and provocative in terms of what it says, but it is equally enlightening and relevant for what it does not say. The contents of the manual, as well as its omissions, give us a firsthand perspective of the type that has proven so elusive with regard to this particular enemy; the authors of this manual clearly did not intend for it to fall into Western hands, and the manual must be used by the West to revisit and reconsider its counterterrorism strategies, especially as they pertain to the motivations and the tactical capabilities of the enemy. While the majority of the manual focuses on the tactical minutiae of employing political violence, its first pages address the motivations of the authors, articulating their perceived grievances against the West. We will write a custom essay sample on The al-Qaeda training manual is sobering and provocative or any similar topic only for you Order Now While the dominant Western paradigm of rational and deterable political actors have led most to focus on specific aspects of Western, and especially American, policies in the Muslim world to hypothesize about the motivations of the enemy, the training manual points more to social forces than to military or economic ones as the foundation of the Islamists’ anger. Al-Qaeda’s authors write in a disconcertingly eloquent way of â€Å"the sister believer whose clothes the criminals have stripped off†.[1]   This is clearly a somewhat overblown metaphor for the secularization of Muslims countries since the time of Ataturk. This point cannot be stressed enough; the word Palestine, that cause cà ©là ¨bre for disaffected Muslims, does not appear in this manual.   Rather they authors see themselves as being at war with the forces of secularization in the Muslim world. This leads us to the second fundamental point of al-Qaeda’s grievances: the focus on the â€Å"near enemy†.   The â€Å"near enemy† is, for al-Qaeda, every government in the Muslim world, save perhaps one or two.   These governments, in eyes of Islamists, have sold out the faith in the interest of aping the west. This betrayal has extended from banning traditional Muslim dress to forging military and economic alliances with the United States.   The West, in turn, and the United States in particular, is the â€Å"far enemy†.   Al-Qaeda’s paradigm holds that the corrupt and illegitimate rulers of the Arab and Muslim world cling to power only due to the sponsorship of the United States. This claim is not entirely without merit, and is a common claim heard in the Arab world particularly.   To illustrate the depths of the contempt for secular Muslim governments, the manual describes them as being worse than European imperialists, a scathing indictment from such a xenophobic movement.[2] Al-Qaeda initially focused on the near enemy, but after a strategic rift within the group, which was won by Osama bin Laden, the far enemy came into the crosshairs.   The idea was that a catastrophic attack would be easier to organize and execute in an open society and that an attack in the continental United States would bring attention to their cause that they would not gain by bombing all the embassies in Africa. The 9/11 attack was al-Qaeda’s announcement of the shift from targeting the near enemy to targeting the far enemy.   When assessing the tactical details of this manual, we must keep in mind that they are clearly crafted to be implemented in a police state of the type that the near enemy has no shortage of.   We can only conclude that terrorists able to operate in closed societies will be much more capable of operating in an open society. How to cite The al-Qaeda training manual is sobering and provocative, Papers

Hate Crime Critical Concepts in Criminology - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Hate Crime Critical Concepts in Criminology. Answer: Introduction The article which has been selected for the purpose of this assignment is in relation to mass shooting which took place in a Quebec mosque on Sunday, January the 29th where six people had been killed and five were injured critically. The suspect in relation to the attack has been identified as Alexandre Bissonnette who was a student of Universit Lava. The suspect is a resident of Tracel St. in the Cap-Rouge district of Quebec City. It has also been provided by the article that the suspect was known to various activist in relation to Pro-Le Pen and anti-feminist activities on social networks. The suspect has been charged with attempted murder and first degree murder by the police. The article is in relation to victims who have suffered due to criminal activities. The victims in relation to this attack were those people who were silently and peacefully practicing their religious faith. The attacks have been condemned by several eminent people including the Pope and the Prime Minister o f Canada (News, 2018). The purpose of this assignment is to analyze the criminal activity provided through the article in the light of criminology theories. The paper argues that these criminal activities are a result of intolerance. The paper provides a literature review in relation to the issue of intolerance in the society. The paper also discusses two theoretical perspectives of criminology in order to analyze the articles which are Anomie theory and Differential Association Theory. The thesis statement of this paper is that where little moral guidance is not provided by the society to the individuals it leads to criminal activities such as hate crimes. Literature Review Introduction This part of the paper conducts a review of literature in relation to the factor of intolerance in the society. This is because it is prima faice clear from the article that the criminal activity has been resulted out of intolerance which the accused had towards the community of the victims. The shooting was given effect by the accused when the victims were peacefully practicing their religious faith by offering prayers in a Mosque. This makes it clear that the accused was intolerant towards Muslims. When people are intolerant towards others and where they are not provided adequate guidance they indulge in criminal activities (DeKeseredy, 2010). Hate crime According to Perry et al. (2106) hate crime is an act of violence in relation to bigotry and intolerance which has the intention of intimidating or hurting a group or individual because of their ethnicity, race, national origin, disability or sexual orientation. A hate crime us also referred to as a bias crime which is a criminal offence is which the purveyors of hate use arson, explosives, vandalism, weapons, verbal threat or physical violence to create panic and fear in the victims which subjects them to more attacks along with a feeling of helplessness, fear, suspicion and feeling alienated. In addition the victims may also become angry and agitated where they attain the perspective that no help would be provided to them by the local community or government. This is one of the primary reasons why crime in relation to intolerance and hate is left unreported. In the situation those who are intolerant and perpetrators of hate roam free without any prosecution and their criminal activ ities weaken healthy race relations in the society. Out of all criminal activists, tension is created and exacerbate mostly likely through hate crimes. These situation have the potential of triggering wider civil distribution, riots and racial conflicts. These criminal activities subject the society to serious economic and social consequences. Hate or intolerance based crime result in an immediate cost of overtime by police, fire or medical personnel overtime along with injury, death and damage to vehicles, properties and equipments. As provided by the Bureau of Justice Statistics 48% of the hate crime have the motive of racial bias and almost one third of the victims expressed that they had been targeted due to the ethnicity or gender. In addition as provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), in Hate Crime Statistics 2015 out of 5493 offenders indentified 48.4% of the offenders where white. As stated by Walters (2014) hate crimes are committed by some perpetrators along with their peers for thrill under the influence of a lcohol or drug. Few crimes are committed in relation to perceived threat or protecting their turf. These Criminal activities also result out of growth in economic power of a particular racial group or the engagement of an ethnic group in scrape goating. Causes and Motivation of hate crime As stated by Bean (2017) there are various causes which help to explain various types of hate crimes. Few of the reasons have been discussed in this part of the paper. Thrill seeking The crimes are mostly motivated through the immature itch of creating drama and excitement. For instance those who are drunk and bored often indulge in such activities. According to Walters, (2014) mostly there is no real reason in relation to hate crimes. These crimes are committed for the thrill of it and the victims are made vulnerable only because of their ethnic, sexual, gender and religious traits are different from those who attack them. In addition the attackers in relation to these crimes feel that they society is ignorant about the victims and there is a high chance that their assault is going to be applauded. The attackers in relation to these crimes are very young but that are also very dangerous. Defensive In hate crimes the attackers feel that they are defending their turf such as their country, workplace or neighborhood. These attackers justify their activities as an attempt to keep perceived threats at bay. On various occasion these events have been triggered due to the moving of a black or Muslim family in the neighborhood. Just like thrill seekers little if any sense of remorse is depicted by the attackers who indulge in such defensive attacking. They believe honestly that there is a sort of communal assent in relation to their actions (Gabbidon, 2015). Retaliatory The hate crimes are mostly taken as revenge, either in relation to the response of personal slights or other hate crimes and terrorism. These avengers who often act alone, target the members of religious, ethnic or racial groups who they believe to have committed a crime even in case where they had nothing to do with such activities (Cowburn ey al., 2015). These people are only concerned about revenge and therefore with travel to the territories of the victims to give effect to the revenge. Acts of terrorism are spiked by these eye-for-an eye attacks. For instance after the 9/11 incident hate crime against Muslims and Arabs rose by 1600% and a similar spike had been witnessed after the Paris attacks. Mission offenders These are the rarest and the deadliest reason of hate crimes. People who consider themselves as "crusaders," for a religious or racial cause hate crimes for these rare reasons. There are on a mission to initiate a total war against the members of a religion or a rival race. They are often liked with those groups who have a racist perspective. Lengthy manifestos are written by mission offenders for explaining their views. They have a belief that the system is rigged against them, which motivates them to commit and justify violence against innocent victims (Milovanovic Schwartz, 2015). Theoretical perspective Anomie Theory As defined by DeKeseredy, (2010) the idea of anomie is the shortage of normal social and ethical standards. The concept was initially coined1893 when a book named The Division of Labor in Society had been launched by Emile Durkheimwho was a French sociologist. It had been indicated in the book that the laws in which individuals interact with one another are disintegrating and people were not able to find out how to behave with one another. Therefore it was believed by Durkheim that anomie is a state where there is unclear expectation in relation to behaviors and the system has broken down. The situation is described as normalessness. It had been claimed by Durkheim that deviant behavior has been caused by normalessness (Siegel, 2016). The theory is based on the perception that shortage of clarity and rules result in lack of purpose, worthlessness, frustration and despair. As there is no idea of what should be considered as desirable, striving for anything is going to be futile. In re lation to criminology the theory of anomie provides that criminal activities are selected by a person as they do not find any reason not to indulge in the activities. The person falls into criminal activities due to the lack of any foreseeable alternatives (Schwartz DeKeseredy, 2016). Differential association Theory The theory of differential association in relation to criminology had been developed by Edwin Sutherland who proposed that through interacting with others, values, techniques and attitudes are learnt by individuals which motivates criminal behavior (DeKeseredy, 2010). This is the most popular theory in relation to deviance. The theory emphasizes on the process through which individuals become criminals and not on the reasons why they become criminals (Piquero, 2015). The learning theory is associated with the interactionist perspective. The theory provides that it comes easy for the individuals to commit a crime based on what they learn through the society (Krohn Eassey, 2014). Discussion It has been provided through the article that the accused was a supporter of ideologies provided by Le Pen and also was an anti-feminist. Le Pen has ideologies that people who do not belong to a country must either stay by showing some merit or not stay in it at all. This means that the accused had hatred towards communities who did not belong to the country and the act has been committed by him in relation to the hatred and bias nature possessed by him. According to the literature review conducted above he has committed a hate crime because his motivation in relation to the crime is clear which is to defend his turf. The wrongdoer was not clear about the rules of the society, and in addition no guidance had been provided to him by the society which would have restrained him to commit such actions. According to the Anomie theory he did not find any reason not to indulge in the criminal activity. The society can therefore be said to be in a state of normalesness where the individuals do not have any ethical standards and are unclear in relation to what they should do and what they should restrain from. In addition as stated by the Differential association Theory individuals learn criminal activities form their surroundings such as what they gain from interacting with others. In the same way it can be stated that the number of increasing hate crimes in the society motivated him to commit the criminal activity. Therefore it can be stated that the motivation and reason why the criminal activity had been committed by the accused was due to the very nature of the society itself. He learnt about hate crimes form the numerous criminal activities going around him and in addition a lack of rules within the society in relation to interaction with each other fueled the criminal activity. It can thus be stated clearly that there is no the nature of the society itself provoked the accused to commit the criminal activity. The motivation was built when he was not guided in the initial stages where he indulged in Anti-feminist activities as well as a mentality of intolerance towards those who belong to a different community or racial group. Conclusion Where little moral guidance is not provided by the society to the individuals it leads to criminal activities such as hate crimes. The thesis has been evidently established through the application of the differential association theory and anomie theory. The society itself motivates criminal behavior by not setting out clear guidelines and providing string values to individuals against each other. Hate crime can only be addressed properly if these individuals are identified in initial stages where their hatred is growing towards other communities. They have to be counseled appropriately against such feelings and should be made to understand the benefits of diversity and harmony. References Bean, P. (Ed.). (2017). Hate Crime: Critical Concepts in Criminology. Routledge. Cowburn, M., Senior, P., Duggan, M., Robinson, A. (Eds.). (2015). Values in criminology and community justice. Policy Press. DeKeseredy, W. S. (2010). Contemporary critical criminology. Routledge. Gabbidon, S. L. (2015). Criminological perspectives on race and crime. Routledge. Krohn, M. D., Eassey, J. M. (2014). Integrated theories of crime. The encyclopedia of theoretical criminology. Milovanovic, D., Schwartz, M. D. (Eds.). (2015). Race, gender, and class in criminology: The intersections. Routledge. News, L. (2018). Quebec mosque shooting: update on the police operation. Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 3 January 2018, from https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/quebec-mosque-shooting-five-remain-in-critical-condition-following-attack Perry, B., Perry, J., Schweppe, J., Walters, M. (2016). Introduction: Understanding Hate Crime: Research, Policy, and Practice. Criminal justice policy review, 27(6), 571-576. Piquero, A. R. (Ed.). (2015). The handbook of criminological theory. John Wiley Sons. Schwartz, M. D., DeKeseredy, W. S. (2016). Critical criminology. The Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice. Siegel, L. J. (2016). Criminology: Theories, patterns and typologies. Boston. USA: Cengage. Walters, M. (2014). Hate crime and restorative justice: Exploring causes, repairing harms.

Last Splash Own Essay Essays - , Term Papers

Last Splash Own Essay The Last Splash My mother made me take swimming lessons every spring so that I would be able to enjoy my summer by the pool safely. There was always a fear inside of me because I knew that after some point, my feet would no longer be able to reach the bottom. No matter how much I resisted attending the lessons and getting in the water, my mother and my instructor always pushed me in. The dread never would leave though and one day the worst came true. My mom dropped me off at the YMCA as usual and made sure to watch me go inside. I went to the locker room, put my things away, grabbed my towel and began the dire walk towards the pool. The smell of the room where the pool was located reeked of chlorine and always made my stomach churn and the terror worse. I walked towards the side where my class met, kicked off my sandals and sat down anxiously. Not anxious for the beginning of class, but anxious for it to be over. As the kids started piling in excitedly awaiting their first splash, I wondered what horror I would be faced with that day. Then I overheard one child say, "hey, we get to jump off the diving board!" The tears began to soak the corners of my eyes and all the kids bouncing around became blurry to me. Was this true? Could I get out this terrible situation? Right then the teacher entered and I knew I was trapped. The teacher asked everyone to line up in back of the diving board ladder. All the other students eagerly took off to attempt to be the first to jump. I, on the other hand, lingered behind intentionally to get the very last spot. One by one they all sprung off and I knew my turn was rapidly approaching. My palms became sweaty, my mouth dried up and my knees began to rattle together uncontrollably. No matter what I did, the steps kept creeping closer and closer. Finally, there I was. I tried to run but the instructor caught hold of my arm and lifted me onto the board. I looked down and the pool appeared to be a never-ending abyss and I knew I couldn't willingly leap into it. It was surrounding me and my instructor was blocking the only way I would get off, by using the ladder. He ceaselessly urged me to just do it and tearfully I protested. He became frustrated with my procrastination and the yells of the other kids wanting another turn, so he hoisted me up and dropped me down. The fall seemed as long as waiting for Christmas morning to arrive and then I splurged under. I couldn't breathe, I couldn't see and I seemed to be twirling about with no power at all. As I tried violently to gasp for air and to see dry land again, something hard hit and then blackness. When I saw light again, everyone was standing in a circle around me. What had happened? Did I drown? Was I dead? Fortunately, I had survived and learned that the same instructor who had thrown me off the board had allowed another to go immediately after. They had landed on top of me under water and knocked me unconscious. My worst fear had actually come true and I knew I could never look at the water the same again. I never would be able to view the bottom of the pool but instead a hole that would grab me and suck me under. That was my last day of swimming lessons. It was also the last day the Cleveland, Tennessee YMCA had a diving board. I have never experienced fear like that since then, probably because I refuse to set foot on a diving board. I guess you could say that was the day of my last splash.