Specialised nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Specialised nursing - Essay Example His care management needs will be complicated his diagnoses of autism, depression, and gastric cancer. The delivery of care will follow mainly the care pathway of mental health nursing with inclusion of elements in palliative care for gastric cancer. Evidence: People with autistic disorder have significantly increased rates of depression and bipolar affective disorder. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is more easily made in those who are verbal than in those who are severely handicapped, and therefore diagnosis, monitoring, and communication would be very challenging with John while conducting his care (Ghaziuddin, Ghaziuddin, and Greden, 2002, 299-306). Most patients with gastric cancer present in an advanced state. It has been found that palliative surgery is the only possible way. He is facing death without knowing its implications. From the nursing perspective, one of the main reasons for measuring the patient satisfaction is to provide information to facilitate care, which is impossible in this patient. For autistic patients admission to a hospital may be detrimental due to fear of exposure. The care management must consider nursing him in a special quiet room near the nursing station with frequent monitoring (Aylott, 200 4, 828-833). Palliation is an emerging model of care that emphasizes the supportive role of healthcare practitioners throughout illness with the main strategy being symptomatic control with the care being holistic so that suffering can be relieved at all stages of the illness (Dell et al., 2008, 177-182). Autistic persons with depression often show an increase in social withdrawal. When depression sets in, the level of isolation and withdrawal gradually increases. The problem may arise in the area of communication, which is an essential part of holistic care. It is important to note that the patients with autism are difficult to manage, and the care planning and management becomes more difficult in the given situation. Due only to his autism, he can become anxious and agitated when his routine environment changes. His admission to the hospital creates such a situation, since hospital is an unfamiliar environment for him. Special care must be taken to ensure an optimum care environme nt (Aylott, 2001, 166-172). Gastric Cancer: The main feature of a cancer cell is loss of regulation of the process of cellular multiplication. The growth of normal cells is rigidly regulated. In cancer cells, however, this growth control mechanism is lost or altered, causing cancer cells to divide continuously and without regard for the tissue requirements. As malignant cells replicate they grow in an irregular pattern, infiltrating surrounding tissue. This can result in infiltration of the lymphatics and/or blood vessels. By gaining access to these vessels malignant cells can be carried to other sites within the patient's body, where they will replicate and grow. To ensure that these malignant cells receive nourishment to thrive, angiogenesis occurs, which is the formation of new blood vessels. If left untreated, these cells will result in localized recurrence of the cancer and eventual spread. The spread of the malignant cells extends outward from the original tumour (Gilbey et al., 2004, 903-911). Surgery is the main modality of treatment of gastric cancer with very poor survival (Balmain, 2001, 77-82). The development of an individualized treatment plan for a patient must take

Socratic Seminar on Catcher in the Rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socratic Seminar on Catcher in the Rye - Essay Example However, based on the social changes in modern society, the novel turned out to be popular among adolescent and young people in the society. To confirm its popularity in modern inclusive and challenging society, the work has been translated into almost all major languages in the world. Every year, more than 250,000 copies are sold. So far, more than 65,000,000 copies have been distributed and sold in almost all parts of the world. Despite becoming one of the most popular characters in modern society, Holden Caufield has become an icon for young people especially in developed countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America. The Root Cause of Holden’s Problems Holden’s problem started one Saturday afternoon when he was late to attend a football match with a rival school, Saxon Hall. In addition to being late for the game, Holden lost most of the fencing team’s equipment in New York City on a subway, forcing the game to be cancelled for lack of the required equipment. He was criticised by his fellow teammates for being ineffective and an unreliable manager of the fencing team. As a result of being late for the game and emerging as an incompetent leader, Holden lost his valuable leadership position. The incompetence of Holden is also demonstrated when he stated that â€Å"somebody had thrown his cookies† which meant that someone has pocked (Salinger 39). The embattled leader was also expelled from school for engaging in unacceptable behavior both within the school compound and outside the school compound. Holden decided to visit the home of his history teacher, Mr. Spencer to inquire about his performance and to convince him to award him better marks for his history paper. However, to Holden’s surprise, the old man read his history paper aloud. This act humiliated Holden to an extent that he was forced to leave and head towards New York City. In attempt to advise him on the importance of having a descent and honorable life, Spencer told Holden â€Å"life is a game† (Salinger 41) where everyone should learn to understand and effectively apply the rules of the game without searching for any favor or support for unacceptable activities and behaviors. Although he was disappointed by Spencer’s reaction, Holden took his word seriously and went on with his way. The character’s problems emerged out of his percepti on towards life and his inability to withstand testing and challenging situations in life. In his life, Holden assumed that life is a simple path where everyone can be manipulated for personal interests and gain. For instance, his plan to visit his history teacher was aimed at trying to convince him to award him better grades without considering his mistakes. He also intended to convince him to intervene in ensuring that his suspension was revoked. However, to his surprise, Mr. Spencer humiliated him. Later in the story, the readers are informed that out of frustration in life, Holden attempted several times to commit suicide due to life’s challenges. For instance the character was spotted saying that â€Å"any goddam stupid useless conversations with anybody† (Salinger 91). Holden the narrator The narrator is Holden. He is telling his story to individuals who lack the ability of withstanding life’s complications and people who do not abide by the rule of law. T he narrator explores some of the challenges that he has been undergoing in his own youthful life. In the novel, it is clear that the narrator has a very challenging life both at school and in his home. There was continuous conflict between the narrator and his family. The intensive disagreement between