Dresden, a city lost Essay Example For Students

Dresden, a city lost Essay Dresden: A City LostDresden was once called, Florence on the Elbe, before the far reaching decimation continued during the war and was numbered among the most excellent urban areas on the planet, noted for its engineering and incredible craftsmanship treasures. Just before February 13, 1945, phosphorus and high hazardous bombs crushed the city. Everybody was persuaded, that there would be no assault here. (Owings, 191) Dresden was of no methods a key military point, moreover, most of its occupants really accepted that they would persevere through the war safe. At first, the supposed thinking for Dresden being besieged appeared to be connected with the activity known as Thunderclap. Dresden was just one of the losses associated with this the activity. This activity was incited to lessen German non military personnel confidence. As indicated by a mystery report dated, August 02, 1944, the simple standards of the move, Thunderclap was that an assault must be conveyed in such thickness that it forces as about as conceivable a hundred percent danger of death to the person in the region to which it is applied. (Was the Bombing of Dresden Justifiable, 7) Collectively, between 35,000 to 135,000 people are evaluated to have lost their lives. The report expressed further, the absolute load of the assault must be, for example, to deliver an impact adding up to a national disasterthe target picked ought to be one including the greatest affiliations, both conventional and individual, for the entire populace. (Was the Bombing of Dresden Justifiable, 7) Furthermore, The territory chose should grasp the most elevated thickness of populace. (Was the Bombing of Dresden Justifiable, 7) Dresden was Germanys seventh biggest city, also, by February 1945 displaced people escaping westbound before the propelling Soviet military powers had multiplied Dresdens populace. An extra guessed motivation behind the articulate decimation of this capital of Saxony on the Elbe River was that clearly German soldiers were experiencing Dresden to battle the Red armed force. In this manner, the USSR mentioned the British and Americans to start a besieging attack on Dresden to obstruct the German soldiers other than there is not really any proof to show this movement of troops toward the Eastern Front. It was expressed in 1953 by a German paper, Suddeutsche Zeitung that, The clarification of the Americans that Dresden was shelled, on Soviet directions, to thwart the development of troop fortifications through Dresden, is an away from of the realities. It wo uld have been basic for the RAF to have annihilated the railroad among Dresden and the Czech outskirts. (Was the Bombing of Dresden Justifiable, 5) Although, as indicated by David Irving, the essayist of The Destruction of Dresden, the Russians deny this. (Was the Bombing of Dresden Justifiable, 5) Ultimately the executing explanation for the mass demolition of this city that was initially a Slavic settlement called Drezdane convincingly crushed its occupants. At the point when the influxes of assaults showed up there was never be a way out. More than thirteen hundred British and U.S. planes dropped in excess of 3,000 tons of high touchy bombs and ignitables which began a firestorm. Any living being gotten outside was burned. Huge numbers of the individuals in basements choked, at that point consumed. Temperatures took off as high as one thousand 800 degrees Fahrenheit. Low flying planes machine-gunned the escaping populace along the banks of the Elbe River. The specific number of s etbacks will never be known. An aggregate of twenty 7,000 houses and 7,000 open structures were crushed. The accompanying passage is from an article by Robert L. Koenig who presents an examination between disasters endured by Dresden and by Hiroshima. The article expresses that, The firebombing of Dresden was the most extreme of the European war, executing somewhere close to 35,000 and 135,000 individuals a number difficult to affirm on the grounds that such a large number of bodies were scorched without being tallied or distinguished. By examination, the nuclear bomb dropped on Hiroshima murdered in any event 80,000 Japanesewhich helped end the war against Japan, the firebombing of Dresden had close to nothing, assuming any, military importance in completion the war in Europe. The primary objective of the partnered planes was Dresdens notable focal city and rail yards, instead of the businesses and military settlements somewhere else in Dresden. (Koenig, 1)Prisoners of war from num erous grounds met up that morning at such and such a spot in Dresden.(Vonnegut, 213) A POW, Thomas Jones, who had taken a shot at the cleanup of the destroyed city reviewed, There more likely than not been two or three hundred little infants, all dead, in a heap ten feet highpeople would at present be staying there dead, on seats, weeks after the besieging. Marry drag bodies into the boulevards, heap them up by the hundreds, pour gas on them, and consume them. No one was checking. (Koenig, 3)In end, it is endless whether the defense for the shocking activities grouping with the shelling of Dresden or any city is completely reasonable in a snapshot of war. An announcement by Robert Saunby, the central helper of Sir Arthur Harris, the president of the Royal Air Force Bomber Command, in 1963, communicated a few questions of the bombarding of Dresden. His announcement is as per the following; the shelling of Dresden was an extraordinary disaster none can denyit was one of those awful th ings that occasionally occur in wartime, achieved by a shocking blend of conditions. .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .postImageUrl , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .focused content region { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:hover , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:visited , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:active { border:0!important; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; murkiness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:active , .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:hover { mistiness: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-adornment: underline; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-fringe span: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-enhancement: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/basic arrow.png)no-rehash; position: supreme; right: 0; top: 0; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8 e1 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u38152c5cfacc8d95d0db8bf555b7f8e1:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Eutahnasia Essay

The Significance Of The Title In The free essay sample

Catcher In The Rye Essay, Research Paper In J. D. Salinger # 8217 ; s Catcher in the Rye, there are numerous subjects that are discernible, by the by the most prevailing subject was implanted in the rubric of the book. This is the reason in this exposition I will go to the essentialness of the rubric of this book. At the truly beginning, I will wish to area what the rubric implied. The rubric set up Holden Caulfield, the supporter # 8217 ; s obligations throughout everyday life, as expressed without anyone else. Holden wished to work mankind by shielding the guilelessness and immaculateness of children, by shielding them from the improprieties of life and all the more straight the threats of the # 8216 ; adult # 8217 ; universe. There were numerous cases in this novel when this importance was bolstered. In the wake of holding assessed these cases the peruser was promptly ready to recognize how the rubric of this book portrayed or potentially affected the supporters # 8217 ; nature. The author made an immediate notice to the rubric in Chapter 22, when Holden came back to Phoebe, his more youthful sister # 8217 ; s room only in the wake of keeping sneaked down spot so as to look for reclamation through her: # 8220 ; I figured I # 8217 ; d better sneak spot and see her ( Phoebe ) , in example I kicked the bucket what not. We will compose a custom exposition test on The Significance Of The Title In The or then again any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page # 8221 ; When Phoebe discovered that Holden had been removed from one more school she got troubled and griped that Holden didn # 8217 ; Ts like anything. She asked him what he would wish to be and Holden replied, # 8220 ; I continue envisioning all these little childs playing some game in this enormous field of rye what not. A huge number of little childs, and figure # 8217 ; s around # 8211 ; figure enormous, I mean # 8211 ; with the exception of me. What's more, I # 8217 ; m remaining on the outskirt of some brainsick drop. What I need to make, I need to get everyone in the event that they begin to go over the drop # 8211 ; I mean on the off chance that they # 8217 ; re running and they wear # 8217 ; t look where they # 8217 ; re making a trip I need to come out from somewhere and catch them. That # 8217 ; s all I # 8217 ; d do every one of the twenty-four hours. I # 8217 ; d only be the stopping board in the rye what not. I know it # 8217 ; s brainsick, yet that # 8217 ; s the sol itary thing I # 8217 ; d genuinely prefer to be. I know it # 8217 ; s insane. # 8221 ; This reaction to Phoebe # 8217 ; s request is fundamentally the underlining occasion that clarified what the centrality of the rubric is. This reaction, by way of imagery, agreed to Holden his duties as the # 8216 ; fence in the rye. # 8217 ; His obligation to shield the unpracticed individual from falling into the # 8216 ; adult # 8217 ; universe. In which, even the money related estimation of a lot of things is satisfactory to separate school roomies, where desires are empty, and the purpose of school is to earn up adequate insight so some time or another one can buy a long, smooth, flickering Cadillac. Quickly, he needs to shield the unpracticed individual from the deformities of the # 8216 ; adult # 8217 ; universe. The main clasp that the essayist implied about the essence of the rubric was in Chapter 16, when Holden was strolling up Broadway, only before his meeting with Sally Hayes, ( one of his companions with whom he had made a day of the month to venture out to the theater. ) On his way, he strolled behind a family of three who had simply been to chapel. Holden loved them and endeavored to hear what one of the juvenile male childs was murmuring. The child was singing # 8220 ; If a natural structure find a natural structure getting through the rye, # 8221 ; and this made Holden experience better: # 8220 ; It made me experience non so down any longer. # 8221 ; Although this was non completely evident, a nd it did non straight translate the rubric as him being the Jesus of the unpracticed people, it demoed how Holden got mitigation from despondency and despairing each piece without further ado as he experienced what he held to be simpleness. As it were, the point at which he met kids. An additional delineation of when Holden showed his capacity as the # 8216 ; stopping board in the rye # 8217 ; , was the point at which he discovered that Stradlater, his roomie, was going on a day of the month with Jane Gallagher, a companion of his. Holden was a delicate, caring individual who indicated worry for the prosperity of Jane Gallagher. To Holden Jane spoke to immaculateness, he used to play draughtss with her and she was the sort of person who might go forward the entirety of her male rulers in the back line. This may look simply as though it is a lesser evaluation thing, by and by it holds a cluster of representative worth. The way that Jane did non cognize that her male rulers are of no utilization sitting in the back column spoke to guilelessness. Since it is Holden # 8217 ; s occupation to secure the unpracticed individual he did non want her to day of the month Stradlater in light of the fact that he realized that Stradlater was an explicitly appealing, virile juve nile grown-up male who is imprudent, marginally neglectful and non keen on inside informations. # 8220 ; If you knew Stradlater, you # 8217 ; nutrient Ds have been stressed, exorbitantly. I # 8217 ; d double dated with that butt face a duo of times, and I recognize what I # 8217 ; m talking around. He was corrupt. He genuinely was. # 8221 ; Therefore by demoing his anxiety for Jane, # 8220 ; I sat at that place for about half hr after he left I continued accepting about Jane, and about what Stradlater holding a day of the month shrivel her what not. It made me so apprehensive I about went insane. # 8221 ; Holden endeavored to help through his obligations just like the # 8216 ; stopping board in the rye. # 8217 ; Another outline that affirmed the impact of the rubric, was when Holden went to his more youthful sister Phoebes straightforward school so as to address her before he left. In any case, while he was at that place he saw the word # 8216 ; screw you # 8217 ; composed on the dividers and # 8220 ; it drove me ( him ) darn close to insane. # 8221 ; He couldn # 8217 ; t stand the idea that Phoebe or her companions had seen that composed on the divider. In the event that they had seen it they would ask lastly # 8220 ; some messy youngster would state them, # 8221 ; what it implied. This is the point at which he began wipe excursion the primary inclination on the divider. Be that as it may, without further ado he understood, # 8220 ; it was miserable at any rate. On the off chance that you had a million mature ages to make it in, you couldn # 8217 ; t wipe out even a large portion of the screw stamps known to mankind. It # 8217 ; s outlandish. # 8221 ; Now when this occasion is surveyed with the piece of the rubric the peruser can easily distinguish the way that this occasion completely matches the importance of the rubric. This occasion delineated Holden # 8217 ; s obligations as # 8216 ; the stopping board in the rye # 8217 ; by demoing how he attempted to clear out the sentiments of the word # 8216 ; fuck # 8217 ; on the dividers. The childs that Holden was looking to secure were the guiltless childs who did non cognize what the word # 8216 ; fuck # 8217 ; implied so he attempted to rescue them before they tumbled off the drop and into the adult universe where blending to him naiveté was non-existent. The aforementioned occasions unequivocally bolster the idea whereupon was grounded the rubric of the book what's more the supporters, Holden Caulfield # 8217 ; s, character or nature. This idea was the supporter # 8217 ; s obligation to shield the unpracticed individual from the unclean.

Inspirational and Motivational Poems

Inspirational and Motivational Poems Inspirational and motivational poems for poems lovers. Enjoy!!!Choose To Be Happy By Marlene Rose Choose to be happy, Choose to feel great, Choose not to let things make you irate.I know that some people are not feeling great, And I know that some people just know how to hate. And I wish that all people could be healthy and strong, And I wish that all people would just get along.If wands could be waved,  and the world would be cured, Id wave that big wand, you can be assured. But Ill do what I can every day I am here, And try to remember the good, year to year.And I choose to be happy, And I choose to feel great, And I choose not to let things make me irate!Reincarnation By Wallace McCraeWhat does Reincarnation mean? A cowpoke asked his friend. His pal replied, It happens when Yer life has reached its end. They comb yer hair, and warsh yer neck, And clean yer fingernails, And lay you in a padded box Away from lifes travails.The box and you goes in a hole, Thats been dug into the gr ound. Reincarnation starts in when Yore planted neath a mound. Them clods melt down, just like yer box, And you who is inside. And then yore just beginnin on Yer transformation ride.In a while, the grassll grow Upon yer rendered mound. Till some day on yer moldered grave A lonely flower is found. And say a hoss should wander by And graze upon this flower That once wuz you, but nows become Yer vegetative bower.The posy that the hoss done ate Up, with his other feed, Makes bone, and fat, and muscle Essential to the steed, But some is left that he cant use And so it passes through, And finally lays upon the ground This thing, that once wuz you.Then say, by chance, I wanders by And sees this upon the ground, And I ponders, and I wonders at, This object that I found. I thinks of reincarnation, Of life and death, and such, And come away concludin: Slim, You aint changed, all that much.'Life Is By Mother TeresaLife is an opportunity; benefit from it. Life is a beauty; admire it. Life is a dream; realize it. Life is a challenge; meet it. Life is a duty; complete it. Life is a game; play it. Life is a promise; fulfill it. Life is sorrow; overcome it. Life is a song; sing it. Life is a struggle; accept it. Life is a tragedy; confront it. Life is an adventure; dare it. Life is luck; make it. Life is life; fight for it!The Handwriting On The WallA weary mother returned from the store, Lugging groceries through the kitchen door. Awaiting her arrival was her 8 year old son, Anxious to relate what his younger brother had done.While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, T.J. took his crayons and wrote on the wall! Its on the new paper you just hung in the den. I told him youd be mad at having to do it again.She let out a moan and furrowed her brow, Where is your little brother right now? She emptied her arms and with a purposeful stride, She marched to his closet where he had gone to hide.She called his full name as she entered his room. He trembled with fearhe knew that m eant doom! For the next ten minutes, she ranted and raved About the expensive wallpaper and how she had saved.Lamenting all the work it would take to repair, She condemned his actions and total lack of care. The more she scolded, the madder she got, Then stomped from his room, totally distraught!She headed for the den to confirm her fears. When she saw the wall, her eyes flooded with tears. The message she read pierced her soul with a dart. It said, I love Mommy, surrounded by a heart.Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, With an empty picture frame hung to surround it. A reminder to her, and indeed to all, Take time to read the handwriting on the wall.As the Day Goes by Jennifer JohnsonChoices and wrong turns are made, as the day goes and the sun fades. People are loved and hearts are broken, as the day goes and words are spoken. Smiles and frowns are shown on faces, as the day goes and children play in open spaces. Happiness and sadness are felt by all, as the day go es and night falls. Tears of joy and tears of pain are shed, as the day goes and all are in bed.Dont QuitWhen things go wrong as they sometimes will; When the road youre trudging seems all uphill; When the funds are low, and the debts are high; And you want to smile, but you have to sigh; When care is pressing you down a bit Rest if you must, but dont you quit.Success is failure turned inside out; The silver tint of the clouds of doubt; And you can never tell how close you are; It may be near when it seems afar. So, stick to the fight when youre hardest hit Its when things go wrong that you mustnt quit.Have a favorite poem? Please share in the comments!

Quaker Women in American Colonies Essay - 2207 Words

Quaker Women in the American Colonies During the colonial period, women were considered inferior to men and â€Å"nothing more than servants for their husbands.† During the eighteenth century, unmarried Quaker women were the first to vote, stand up in court, and evangelize; although Quaker women enjoyed rights that women today take for granted, they were most known for their religious radicalism. According to Rufus Jones, a professor at Harvard, the Quakers â€Å"felt, as their own testimony plainly shows, that they were not solitary adventurers, but that God was pushing them out to be the bearers of a new and mighty word of Life which was to remake the world, and that the whole group behind them was in some sense embodied in them.† Women†¦show more content†¦Margaret Fell Fox was a devoutly religious woman and a champion for the rights of Quakers; she worked tirelessly to ensure their civil liberties. Margaret Fell Fox never made it to the American colon ies but her preaching, religious convictions, and continued resolve after years in prison, changed the face of women who would travel to the New World as Quakers. Mary Dyer stood up at Anne Hutchinson’s trial and walked out with Anne Hutchinson, only to return as a thorn in the sides of John Endicott and John Winthrop. Mary Barrett was born England but immigrated to the Massachusetts with her husband William Dyer in 1635; both of them were Puritans. During the trial of Anne Hutchinson, both William and Mary Dyer were open supporters of Anne Hutchinson. Although William Dyer held positions of â€Å"high importance,† he was relieved of duty and disarmed, along with other followers of Anne Hutchinson. When Mary Dyer followed Anne Hutchinson out of the Church, she and her husband were also banished; there was a scandal concerning the death of a stillborn child Mary Dyer had given birth to and after the inquest, Governor John Winthrop said that Mary Dyer â€Å"was di vinely punished for this sinful heresy by being delivered of a stillborn ‘monster’.† Mary Dyer went to England for five years and while there, became aShow MoreRelatedComparison of Three Prominent Women in American History (1616-1768)1544 Words   |  7 PagesProminent Women in American History (1616-1768) Women did not have many rights during 1616-1768, these three prominent women Pocahontas, Anne Hutchinson and Hannah Griffitts, will show many changes for women symbols from the Colony America, American Christianity to Boycotting British Goods. All three were involved in religious, political and cultural aspects during there time, making many changes and history. There are three documents that will be used to compare these three women PocahontasRead MoreChapter 3 : The British Atlantic World1657 Words   |  7 Pagessay yes. Similar to the French and Spanish colonies, the British allied with Native Americans to gain power in North America. Meanwhile, many Native American groups grouped together in what the British called â€Å"tribes† in order to counter population decline and have some political power. The colonies were mostly autonomous and part of the South Atlantic System, which brought them economic growth. Colonies to Empire, 1660 - 1713 England governed its colonies loosely before 1660, but after 1660, whenRead MoreSettling The Northern Colonies : Big Picture Themes1676 Words   |  7 PagesChapter #3: Settling the Northern Colonies - Big Picture Themes 1. Plymouth, MA was founded with the initial goal of allowing Pilgrims, and later Puritans, to worship independent of the Church of England. 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They establish special boundariesRead MoreCase Study : Colony Commercial For Delaware1225 Words   |  5 PagesNames: _Cheyenne White Colony Commercial for Delaware_ You and your group will create a commercial (TV style) promoting your colony over the other 12. Your goal is to entice people from Europe or from other colonies to want to live and work in your colony. Step 1: Learn about your colony: 1. When was it established as a British colony? The Dutch founded the first European settlement in Delaware in 1631. A permanent settlement was not established until 1638 by the Swedes. 2. Who established it? PeterRead MoreSlavery : A Tragic Time1663 Words   |  7 Pageswhen twenty African Americans were brought to Jamestown, Virginia, and purchased as if they were items (James and Lois Horton, 243). These slaves were sold to British colonists and were the first of these slaves sold specifically in British North America (James and Lois Horton, 243). Virginia Hamilton says, â€Å"The twenty were Africans stolen from their homes by slave traders. They were traded to the Virginia colony in exchange for food and other supplies† (5). African Americans were typically madeRead MoreImpact of the English Reformation and the Restoration on the English Colonies1729 Words   |  7 PagesRestoration on the English Colonies From the turmoils of establishing a stable political and religious identity in all of Europe, and England in particular, gave rise to the English Reformation and subsequently the Restoration era in the 16th and 17th centuries. While the onset of both the English Reformation and the Restoration era had a prominent impact on the colonies in the New World in regards to religious freedom, they differed in that the Restoration Colonies were embarked upon and driven

Self-Concept in Childhood and Adolescence and Peers...

This video shows how as children develop an appreciation on their inner mental world, they think more about themselves. They mention concrete characteristics like, names, physical appearance, possetions and typical feelings and behaviors are emphasized in their self-descriptions when they are 5 to 7 years old. In the video a little girl said, â€Å" I like to sing, ride my bike, go to swim in a swimming pool, my teacher’s name is Miss. Fargo, she is pretty nice to me, my favorite subject in school is math†. With age young people organized their concrete description into personality traces. Another example of a teenager who said, â€Å"I’m Lisa, I’m fifteen, I’m a freshmen, I have a brother, his name is Sean, and I have more sibling. I’m an athlete,†¦show more content†¦Sixteen years old Kayla said, the whole idea of bulling is something she knows about first hand because it’s been happening to her for ten years. Interesting enough, the first few times she had no idea what was going on. At the beginning of this video, Kayla talks about her long and horrible experience. â€Å"I really didn’t understand why people were teasing me, it didn’t make much sense to me; not like I am not so different from anybody, what’s the big deal? It took me a while to realize I had friends and they were talking to me about it. People made fun about my size, also the fact that my family was not well enough, we didn’t have too much growing up† The more Kayla tried to fit in, the more they made fun of her, saying that she was trying to be something she is not. After speaking to guidance counselors and her parents, she decided to just learn the whole ignore thing and pushed it aside. A couple of her friends were bigger, so they had their little social circle. â€Å"The only reason we stayed together is because anywhere else we were picked on†. The bullying got worse when she started investigating her interest in other girls her age instead of boys. During Kayla’s eight-grad year, an opened lesbian girl moved to her town. She always had miss feelings about it and was really confused. When the girl came to town it was like she is going to meet someone who must be going through similar situation and who can understand Kayla. They ended up

Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988 Free Essays

â€Å"Miranda† is an American short story, which was published in 1988. It points up the conflicts that might arise when a young girl finds out that she is pregnant. In addition to the obligatory section B, I will in my essay incorporate a short analysis of the text. We will write a custom essay sample on Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main character’s name is â€Å"Miranda† as the title of the story. Miranda is an 18 year old girl who, in the beginning of the story, lives at home by her parents in Los Angeles, California. The story starts the day before she leaves for College in Boston. As the story progresses Miranda’s feelings are changing. In the beginning of the story she seems like a well-balanced girl. She has everything: freedom, a great boyfriend and understanding parents. She seems like any other teenage girl. But as she finds out she is pregnant, she is slowly changing. She gets more and more sceptical towards her surroundings and the whole thing with the pregnancy is not easy for her either. She also becomes more serious and melancholic, because she learns more about life; about what is consists of. Holly is Miranda’s friend and roommate in Boston. She is a year older than Miranda and a more free-minded kind of girl who tries to get Miranda to see things from her point of view. She is a girl who just wants to have fun and not necessarily always thinks of the consequences of her actions. That shows when she often sleeps with her new friend Brian on week nights, and then subsequently gets visited by her boyfriend Tom in the weekends. Holly’s role in the story is to put Miranda into a situation where she has to choose, to tell the reader what kind of girl Miranda is; what her values are. That seems pretty obvious when Miranda says that she wants to be owned, and that she will marry Michael. (p. 4, l. 95) Holly represents the common opinion and she is the contrast to Miranda. When Miranda comes home to her parents, they are having a conversation about her pregnancy with her and Michael. Their reaction reflects the society they live in and they are, surprisingly, more than understanding and sympathizing – or so it would seem. As a true product of their environment, they strongly advise Miranda to get an abortion. Miranda’s parents do not want a daughter who does not study and therefore cannot get an education. As her mother says, she will end up as a dumb little house-wife. (p. 5, l. 147) They want her to have an abortion, so she does not end up in misery. That is not only best for her and Michael, but also for the unborn child. Miranda is mortified at the thought of killing her child. She does not care about the hardships – she is willing to accept the responsibility of the child and raise it. When her parents realise that they are not reaching Miranda, they turn to Michael in an effort to influence him. Michael is young and at school, just the same as Miranda, and although he loves her and accepts the responsibility of the child, he is thinking of his future as well as. When he first heard the news, he soon talked about marriage, because he felt that it was the right thing to do. On the other hand Michael is relieved that her parents are trying to talk her out of it, because he realized that he is not ready to be a father. Michael knows he cannot forsake the baby, otherwise he would scar Miranda. He cannot look Miranda in the eyes; probably because he feels ashamed and guilty about the whole situation. Michael is hurting Miranda when he acts the way he does. She can see that his eyes are full of relief and gratitude when her parents come to the rescue for him. In a sense they buy Michael because they know that if he wont help raise the child, neither will Miranda. Unfortunately, Michael soon realises his mistake – by giving up on the baby, he is also giving up on Miranda. You could say that the choice was between Miranda and the child, or Michael and his future. â€Å"†¦ She looked at Michael. He looked at her, guilty, ashamed (p. 6, l. 195)†¦ He had both won and lost, and his unhappy face struggled to endure both. p. 6, l. 197) The central theme in this short story is teenage pregnancy and the worries and difficulties it brings along with it. The decision to have an abortion or not is a very complicated, because it brings up intense feelings and moral questions, and this often place people in difficult situations. Miranda is an example of a girl who has a lot of thoughts after becoming pregnant. She truly wants to have the baby, but ends up giving in to the fight with her parents. Miranda falls under the traditional values of what is â€Å"the right thing to do,† but at the same time she abandons her chance for happiness. That leads us to another theme in the story: Society’s view on success and happiness. Today, the ultimate idea of success is to please ourselves first, get that major degree and job – then plan a family and a future. Miranda sees it all more simply; she has a baby, she is willing to take responsibility, and plans her future along a different path than society wants for her. Every so often you have to listen to your heart, in order to make yourself happy. Maybe that means going against everyone you know and all you’ve been taught, but sometimes, that is the only way to be happy. How to cite Miranda is an American short story, which was published in 1988, Papers

Confucianism, the philosophical system based on th Essay Example For Students

Confucianism, the philosophical system based on th Essay e teaching of Confucius (551-479 BC), dominated Chinese sociopolitical life for most of Chinese history and largely influenced the cultures of Korea, Japan, and Indochina. The Confucian school functioned as a recruiting ground for government positions, which were filled by those scoring highest on examinations in the Confucian classics. It also blended with popular and imported religions and became the vehicle for articulating Chinese mores to the peasants. The schools doctrines supported political authority using the theory of the mandate of Heaven. It sought to help the rulers maintain domestic order, preserve tradition, and uphold a constant standard of living for the taxpaying peasants. It trained its adherents in benevolence, traditional rituals, filial piety, loyalty, respect for superiors and for the aged, and principled flexibility in advising rulers. Whilst thy father and mother live, do not wander afar. If you must travel, hold a set course. Confucius 19 Chinese Adoption of the Philosophy The Chinese social culture has since adoption of Confucianism been very family related. In order to understand the thoughts better, imagine your self at that time. People were farmers and the ordinary way of life was to cultivate, which means work hard, and to produce as many children as possible, preferable of male sex. The parents were responsible for their children for as long as they could work, and thereafter the roles were overturned as the children had from there on to provide for the family. This shows how important the family relation was at that time (stressed by Confucius in his philosophy) and still is in China. Let me repeat myself, the strongest link in the chain of the family was and is mutual take care of your beloved ones, because no one else would. This system has deep roots in the Chinese culture and it would be easy to think that its not going to change in a very long time, but nonetheless I claim that a few years would suffice and Im even convinced that it will very soon. There are several reasons to that and my essay is intended to prove them. Developing a modern society China has one astonishing major problem: its population growth. The answer to the question Why do the Chinese bear so many children ?, was partially given above; they need children as a guarantee for the future and more children mean more workers in the households and on the land. Some nationwide campaigns were launched in the last decades whose aim was to restrict the number of children to one per couple through various incentives and threatened penalties. This worked quite well in the urban areas, but in the country sides the one-child policy reportedly had an unexpected and terrible result: the number of female infanticides increased, due to the fact that male children were more desirable as they worked harder. Experience from todays modern societies shows that once wealth is established in a country, the population growth decreases. As an example can be mentioned Europe: during the time before industrialization, and before the state had a crucial social role, the growth rate was extremely high. Now when child labor is prohibited and when there is a common wealth, the population growth rate is in some cases even negative. China is undoubtedly looking into the light of having a better economy, following the traditional path of a country moving from being agricultural to highly industrialized. If China will follow this evolution, peoples mentality will change, just as it has changed in all the countries where there has been a radical economical evolution. Once the state will be able, through pensions and transfers, to take care of people who cannot work, family relations will no longer be indispensable. .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .postImageUrl , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:hover , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:visited , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:active { border:0!important; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:active , .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uea59eaed3c371138d2ecf6e5f264b9ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Improving Employee Performance J C Penny EssayI am not saying that family bonds will be less important but the relation child-parent will be solely based on love and attachment, not love, attachment and need. Being more effective, using fertilizers and modern machines will also reduce the need for having such a big share of the population working in the agricultural sector. More and more people will move to the industrial centers, and moving means in some way breaking family relations and rebelling to the ancient thoughts that built a whole way of life for countless generations. The role of the .

Best Crucible Act 2 Summary

Best Crucible Act 2 Summary SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Act 2 of The Crucible takes us to the Proctor household, where we learn just how crazy things have gotten in Salem after the initial flood of accusations. We'll also find out the extent to which John Proctor's relationship with Elizabeth has suffered after his affair. By the end of Act 2, characters who were thought to be beyond reproach will find themselves in mortal peril as a result of unchecked hysteria. I'll provide two different summaries. The first is a short summary intended for quick review of the plot, and the second is a long summary (the "oops I didn't read it" summary) for those of you who want more specific details on exactly what happened, including smaller side conversations and minor plot points. The CrucibleAct 2 Summary - Short Version John and Elizabeth discuss the trials in Salem, and they both realize things are getting out of hand (though John still believes the court would never actually hang anyone). Elizabeth tells John he has to go into town and inform them that Abigail is lying. John’s hesitance leads to an argument rooted in his affair and the lack of trust that continues to pervade their marriage. Mary Warren, who went to Salem to testify against the Proctors’ wishes, returns to the house and gives Elizabeth a poppet (doll) she made in court. Mary reveals that Elizabeth was accused in court, but she spoke up in her defense. It’s clear that Abigail is accusing Elizabeth because she hopes to take her place as John Proctor’s wife. This leads to another argument where Elizabeth urges John to tell Abigail that there’s absolutely no possibility of them ever being together. Hale arrives and questions the Proctors about their religious devotion based on the accusations levied against Elizabeth. John tells him that the girls are frauds, and Hale actually starts to doubt the validity of the accusers’ claims. Giles Corey and Francis Nurse come to the house in distress, revealing that both of their wives have been arrested for witchcraft. Then, Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick arrive with a warrant for Elizabeth’s arrest. They find the doll that Mary gave her and notice that it has a needle stuck in it. This matches up with the â€Å"attack† on Abigail allegedly perpetrated by Elizabeth’s spirit. Proctor gets Mary to tell the truth about the doll. She says that she made it in court and stuck the needle in herself with Abigail sitting right next to her. However, the authorities are not convinced by this story. Proctor tears up the arrest warrant in frustration, but Elizabeth agrees to go peacefully. When everyone else has left, Proctor tells Mary that she must testify on Elizabeth’s behalf in court. Mary is terrified to do this because she knows that Abigail will turn the rest of the court against her. Proctor begins to feel a sort of relief because he senses that he and all the other hypocrites are finally being punished for their sins. Judgment, both internal and external, is a constant throughout The Crucible. The CrucibleAct 2 Summary - â€Å"Oops, I Didn’t Read It† Version Act 2 takes place at the Proctor household eight days after Act 1.Elizabeth Proctor serves John dinner, and they chat about his day.There’s some tension between them because of the lingering effects of John’s affair with Abigail. Elizabeth says that Mary Warren went to Salem that day, and John is angry because he forbid her to go.Elizabeth claims she tried to stop her, but Mary insisted on participating in the court proceedings. Elizabeth then reveals the full extent of the situation in Salem to John.Four judges have been summoned from Boston to preside over the trials, and fourteen people are jailed on accusations of witchcraft.Abigail has been exercising a great deal of power in court and continues to feign being attacked by witches.Elizabeth says John must go to Salem to tell the court that Abigail is a fraud.He has some reservations because it will be his word against hers.She thinks he wouldn’t be so hesitant to do this if he had to discredit a different girl.John gets angry that Elizabeth still won’t fully trust him around Abigail, and he feels liks he's always being judged.Elizabeth points out that it’s really his internal guilt about the affair that's making him feel judged. At this point, Mary arrives back from Salem appearing drained from the day’s proceedings.She gives Elizabeth a poppet (a rag doll, essentially) that she made in court.Mary tells the Proctors that there are now 39 people arrested.She breaks down and starts crying.Mary reveals that Goody Osburn is set to hang, but Sarah Good confessed, so she will live.Mary is genuinely convinced that Sarah Good tried to kill her by sending out her spirit.She then claims to remember other times that she was bewitched by Sarah Good.Sarah Good was ultimately condemned after being unable to recite her commandments. Mary insists on going back to court the next day because she feels that she’s doing God's work. JohnProctor tries to whip Mary for her insolence, but Mary interjects that she saved Elizabeth’s life by defending her against accusations in court.Proctor dismisses Mary.After this, Elizabeth is pretty sure that Abigail wants her dead.She thinks Abigail is trying to take her place as Proctor’s wife and will continue to accuse her until she is arrested.Proctor tries to allay these suspicions even though he knows that she’s probably right. Elizabeth insists that John go to Abigail and tell her explicitly that there is no possibility of them ever being together in the future.John gets angry (again) that Elizabeth presumes that he’s still attached to Abigail and is leading her on in some way. At this point, Reverend Hale arrives at the house to speak with the Proctors about the accusations made against Elizabeth.He has just come from questioning Rebecca Nurse, who was accused despite her solid reputation in town.Hale asks why John doesn’t go to church often, and he says it’s because his wife has been sick and he dislikes Parris’ displays of materialism.Hale asks Proctor to say his commandments, and, ironically, the only one he forgets is adultery.Hale is not satisfied. Elizabeth insists that John tell Hale that the girls are faking.After hearing what Proctor has to say, Hale starts to doubt the accusers as well.Still, Proctor balks at testifying in court because the atmosphere sounds so hysterical ("I falter nothing, but I may wonder if my story will be credited in such a court." pg. 65).Elizabeth says she actually doesn’t believe in witches at all, and Hale is taken aback because witches are specifically mentioned in the Bible. Giles Corey enters the house accompanied by Francis Nurse.They reveal to Hale and the Proctors that their wives have been arrested and sent to jail.Rebecca Nurse is suspected of murdering Ann Putnam’s babies.Hale says if Rebecca Nurse has fallen under the control of the Devil, no one is safe.Corey now realizes he made a mistake by voicing his suspicions about his wife’s reading habits in the previous act.The man who accused Martha Corey bought a pig from her that died soon after.He was bitter that Martha wouldn’t refund him the money, so to get revenge he accused her of casting spells with her books. Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick then arrive at the house.They have a warrant for Elizabeth Proctor’s arrest, and they confirm that she was accused by Abigail.Cheever orders Elizabeth to hand over any dolls she has in the house.Elizabeth is confused and says she hasn’t had dolls since she was a kid.She forgot about the one Mary gave her earlier, which Cheever sees and examines.John Proctor tells Elizabeth to go get Mary so she can confirm that the doll was a gift.Cheever finds a needle in the doll, which he takes as proof of Elizabeth’s guilt.Abigail fell on the floor screaming at dinner andpulled a needle out of her stomach, claiming that Elizabeth’s familiar spirit stabbed her. Mary and Elizabeth return, and Mary admits she made the doll in court while Abigail was sitting next to her.John Proctor thinks that this makes it pretty clear that Abigail is lying, but it’s not enough for Hale to discount the â€Å"proof.†Hale warns Mary that she’s making severe accusations against Abigail. Proctor is fed up with the court’s blind trust in Abigail and the other accusers.He rips up the arrest warrant and tells everyone to leave. Elizabeth sees that there is no way out of the current situation and agrees to go with the marshal to avoid a scene.John promises to bring her back soon and calls Hale a coward for being too passive about the situation.Hale counsels patience and reason so that they can get to the bottom of what’s really happening. Everyone exits the house except Mary and John Proctor.Proctor tells Mary she must testify in court about the real story behind the doll.She is concerned about Abigail’s potential reaction.Mary knows about the affair, and she thinks Abigail will come clean about it and ruin Proctor’s reputation if Mary tries to discredit her. Mary also believes that the court will turn against her if she tells the truth.Proctor is adamant that Elizabeth will not die for his mistakeswith Abigail and starts getting aggressive with Mary to scare her into telling the truth.Mary continues to insist that she can’t testify because of the potential consequences. Does your target always get stabbed with the same implement that you used to poke the voodoo doll? And does that mean you can only use voodoo dolls to give people you hate superficial puncture wounds? Luckily for Abigail, no one is in the right state of mind to care about how little sense all of this makes. The CrucibleAct 2 Quotes This section lists themost important quotes in Act 2. I've written short explanations for each that elaborate on their significance. â€Å"I have not moved from there to there without I think to please you, and still an everlasting funeral marches round your heart. I cannot speak but I am doubted, every moment judged for lies,as though I come into a court when I come into this house!† (John Proctor pg. 52) In this quote, John Proctor criticizes his wife for continuing to mistrust him after he ended things with Abigail.He claims that â€Å"an everlasting funeral marches round [her] heart,† meaning that she insists on continuing to mourn for the damage the affair did to their relationship rather than allowing him to repair it. He feels that Elizabeth is constantly suspicious of him now, to the point where he can’t do anything without being judged.In fact, Elizabeth doesn’t show many signs of being overly judgmental of John (she’s actually doing pretty well considering he just had an affair with a teenager), and most of these issues are a projection of his own guilt. â€Å"I do not judge you. The magistrate sits in your heart that judges you.† (Elizabeth Proctor pg. 52) The real court in Salem is mirrored by a metaphorical court within the mind of John Proctor. Here,Elizabeth points out that John is his own harshest judge.If anyone is judging him, it’s a mini-John Proctor with a judge wig banging a tiny gavel right on his heart strings.Since he's unable to forgive himself for the affair, he projects his guilt onto her even when she’s not acting particularly judgmental. â€Å"I am amazed you do not see what weighty work we do.† (Mary Warren pg. 56) Mary uses â€Å"weighty† as a synonym for â€Å"important† or â€Å"vital.† She feels that she’s doing God’s work, and she is given a sense of purpose and duty through her participation in the trials.In a sense, the trials really are â€Å"weighty work† because they overhaul the entire community.They provide an outlet for the repressed resentments and jealousies that were simmering under the surface. â€Å"Theology, sir, is a fortress; no crack in the fortress may be accounted small.† (Reverend Hale pg. 64) This quote from Hale is a testament to the power of the church in this community and the perception of religion at the time.There is an â€Å"either you’re with us or you’re against us† mentality that encourages persecution of anyone who deviates even slightly from accepted Christian behavior.One misstep can derail a reputation completely, so everyone is eager to conform out of concerns for self-preservation. â€Å"There is a misty plot afoot so subtle we should be criminal to cling to old respects and ancient friendships. I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!† (Reverend Hale pg. 68) This quote from Hale sums up the atmosphere of hysteria that has emerged in Salem.Everyone is afraid to question any of the accusers because that might mean falling for the Devil’s tricks.They feel that the consequences of doubting these accusations could be more dire than the risk of having some innocent people caught up in the mix.Reputation has been conquered by paranoia. Both Parris and Hale will cite different theological examples over the course of the play where someone who was once thought to be virtuous turned out to be evil.In this case, it’s â€Å"Man, remember, until an hour before the Devil fell, God thought him beautiful in Heaven† (Reverend Hale pg. 68).In the next act, Parris will say â€Å"You should surely know that Cain were an upright man, and yet he did kill Abel† (Reverend Parris pg. 85).On some occasions in the Bible, people who were thought to be good turned out to be bad. This shaky precedent is extrapolated to the current situation and gives the church leaders reason to mistrust even the most well-reputed citizens of Salem. â€Å"Why do you never wonder if Parris be innocent, or Abigail? Is the accuser always holy now? Were they born this morning as clean as God’s fingers? I’ll tell you what’s walking Salem - vengeance is walking Salem. We are what we always were in Salem, but now the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom, and common vengeance writes the law!† (John Proctor pg. 73) John is incredibly frustrated because the accusers are all taken at their word, and the accused are denied a fair opportunity to defend themselves.He points out that many of these accusations are clearly driven by revenge.Though that desire for vengeance was always there within the people of Salem, it has only now begun to affect judicial processes and societal power structures in dramatic ways.â€Å"The little crazy children† are the accusers, mostly teenage girls who previously had no power in Salem. They are now â€Å"jangling the keys of the kingdom,† or testing their ability to provoke widespread chaos that favors their own agendas. â€Å"Now Hell and heaven grapple on our backs, and all our old pretense is ripped away - make your peace!Peace. It is a providence, and no great change; we are only what we always were, but naked now.† (John Proctor pg. 76) This an aside John makes to himself at the end of Act 2. He views the witch trials as an unveiling of the true nature of the people of Salem.No one has suddenly become vengeful, paranoid, and unjust - they were always like this underneath a shallow layer of decorum.Proctor has also been burdened by the secret of his affair with Abigail and the guilt he has about it.He sees himself as an immoral person, and he is relieved in a certain sense that he’s about to be exposed for the hypocrite he is so his sins will stop eating him up inside. John was referring to his two cats, Heaven and Hell. Metaphorical pet names were all the rage in 17th century New England. The CrucibleAct 2 Thematic Analysis This is a brief analysis of the most prevalent themes in Act 2. I'll come out with a more comprehensive thematic analysis for the whole play very soon! Irony This act sees one of the most blatant examples of irony in the play. When John is asked to recite the ten commandments, the only one he forgets is the one most applicable to him, adultery (â€Å"Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor’s wife."). This shows how hard John is trying to repress his guilt. He hopes to leave the affair in the past and pretend it never happened, but he can't ignore the impact it has had on his relationship with Elizabeth, his sense of self-worth, and Abigail's psyche. Hysteria Act II is when the full extent of the hysteriainSalem becomes apparent.Mary says that there are now not 14 but 39 people who have been thrown in jail on suspicion of witchcraft.The hysteria has been heightened by several confessions which seem to confirm the existence of an evil witchy plot.People are told they will be executed if they refuse to confess, so obviously false confessions abound. The authorities and citizens of the town are so scared of the possibility that these coerced confessions could be the truth that they ignore any logical objections to the proceedings ("I have seen too many frightful proofs in court - the Devil is alive in Salem, and we dare not quail to follow wherever the accusing finger points!" Hale pg. 68).They instead continue to push for more confessions, which are then counted as â€Å"evidence† of a grand Satanic plot.Anyone who doubts the existence of this plot is brought under suspicion. When the poppet is discovered in Elizabeth’s possession, it is taken as concrete proof that she’s involved in witchcraft. Elizabeth'sside of the story immediately becomes virtually irrelevant because Abigail’s testimony is much scarier and more dramatic: "She sat to dinner in Reverend Parris's house tonight, and without word nor warnin' she falls to the floor. Like a struck beast, he says, and screamed a scream that a bull would weep to hear. And he goes to save her, and, stuck two inches in the flesh of her belly, he draw a needle out." (Cheever pg. 71). The idea that a witch's familiar spirit could be going around stabbing people willy-nilly is too horrifying for people who genuinely believe in witchcraft to give Elizabeth the benefit of the doubt. Everyone severely underestimates Abigail's ambition and deviousness. Reputation Goody Good, an old beggar woman, is one of the first to be accused because she is already held in such low regard. It’s easy for respectable citizens to accept that she’s in league with the Devil because she is an "other" in Salem, just like Tituba.Elizabeth knows that Abigail has it in for her because there's no other reason she would take the risk of accusing a farmer’s wife with a solid reputation.Elizabeth is an upstanding member of the community, whereas other women who have been accused were already at the bottom of the totem pole. Elizabeth knows that her high status still affords her some credibility, but this is the point at which the value of reputation in Salem starts to butt heads with the power of hysteria and fear to sway people’s opinions (and vengeance to dictate their actions).In this act it is also revealed that Rebecca Nurse has been accused, a woman whose character was previously thought to be unimpeachable. This is taken as evidence that things are really getting out of control ("if Rebecca Nurse be tainted, then nothing's left to stop the whole green world from burning." Hale pg. 67) , but still people hesitate to discredit the accusers out of fear for their own reputations. Power and Authority In Act 2, we see that Mary Warren has been given a new sense of her own power through the value placed on her testimony in court. Elizabeth notes that Mary's demeanor, previously very meek, is now like that of â€Å"the daughter of a prince† (pg. 50). Mary has never felt like she was a part of something significant like this before, which likely adds to her conviction that the people she's accusing are truly witches. Mary and the other girls are riding on a high of attention and respect from powerful people in the community, so they are especially motivated to stick to their stories (and even genuinely believe their own lies). At this point, Abigail has gone from a nobody to (unofficially) one of the most powerful people in Salem. It would be incredibly difficult for her to go back on her accusations now. Abigail’s low status in normal times ironically gives her a great deal of power in her current situation. No one thinks she’s smart or devious enough to make up all these insane stories, so she is taken at her word. In the words ofJohn Proctor, â€Å"the little crazy children are jangling the keys of the kingdom† (pg. 73). Guilt This themeisprominent in the dynamic between John and Elizabeth. John is frustrated with Elizabeth because she still doesn’t fully trust him, but he’s really projecting his internal guilt about his affair with Abigail onto her. John gets worked up because he’s angry at himself for essentially setting these accusations in motion against his wife.He’s frustrated that he hasn’t been allowed to leave the affair behind him and hates that he now has to face up to real consequences.He underestimated Abigail and is now paying the price.John’s guilt is a huge thematic undercurrent throughout the play, as we will see to an even greater extent in the next two acts. Even before his arrest (spoiler alert), John is a prisoner of his own guilt. He kinda deserves it, tbh. The CrucibleAct 2 SummaryConclusion In Act 2, the situation in Salem goes from worrisome to straight up horrifying. It becomes clear just how far the characters are willing to go to protect themselves against the town's burgeoning hysteria (even if it means setting others on a path to the gallows). Let's recap the most important events: Elizabeth informs John that more people have been arrested, and he needs to go to Salem to tell the court that Abigail is a fraud. Mary returns from Salem after participating in the trials and gives Elizabeth a ragdoll she made in court. Mary tells the Proctors that Elizabeth was mentioned briefly, but the accusations were dismissed thanks to Mary's favorable testimony. Elizabeth knows Abigail will continue to accuse her until something sticks, and she tells John he has to go directly to Abigail and tell her that they're NEVER gonna be a thing. Hale warily questions the Proctors about their skimpy church attendance, and John tells him Abigail is a fraud. Hale has fleeting doubts about the legitimacy of the girls' accusations. Francis Nurse and Giles Corey come to the house and say that their wives have been arrested. Then, Ezekiel Cheever and Marshal Herrick arrive with a warrant for Elizabeth's arrest. They find a needle in the doll Mary gave Elizabeth that corresponds to the needle that Elizabeth's familiar spirit supposedly used to stab Abigail. Elizabeth goes with them peacefully after realizing she can't prove her innocence. John angrily insists that Mary must tell the court Abigail is lying. Mary says she's too scared of the consequences and doesn't think she can do it. This is all a set-up for the heightened drama of Act 3. John Proctor is prepared to tell the whole truth about Abigail to save his wife and the rest of the accused, but will that be enough to stem the tide of witch-related hysteria? Hint: no. What's Next? Want a full summary of the play all in one place? Check out our complete overview of the plot of The Crucible, including descriptions of the main characters and a list of major themes. If you're looking for a deeper thematic discussion to help you write a killer essay, read this article on how each theme manifests in the play and what larger conclusions can be drawn as a result. We've also written comprehensive analyses of the most significant characters in The Crucible. Read all about the traits, actions, and thematic relevance of John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Rebecca Nurse, Giles Corey, and Mary Warren. Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Samantha Lindsay About the Author Samantha is a blog content writer for PrepScholar. Her goal is to help students adopt a less stressful view of standardized testing and other academic challenges through her articles. Samantha is also passionate about art and graduated with honors from Dartmouth College as a Studio Art major in 2014. 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How to Convert an Adjective to an Adverb

How to Convert an Adjective to an Adverb How to Convert an Adjective to an Adverb How to Convert an Adjective to an Adverb By Mark Nichol How do you determine whether the adverbial form of an adjective should end in -ly or -ally? For most adjectives, the reason to use -ally, rather than -ly, is that you’re adding -ly to a noun plus the inflection -al, which forms the adjective, as in emotionally, musically, or traditionally. You’re starting with emotion, music, or tradition, converting the noun to an adjective (emotional, musical, or traditional), and then adding -ly. But this process isn’t consistent. The adjectival form of romance is romantic, not romantical, nor are academical or sarcastical adjectival forms. But you can distinguish these exceptions by noting that the noun form of these words is not the word minus -al; those forms are the adjectival ones, and the noun forms are irregular: Romantic is derived from romance, not romant; academic comes from academy, not academ; and sarcastic stems from sarcasm, not sarcast. A generalization is that -ally follows words that end with the letter c; however, the adverbial form of public is publicly, not publically, and there may be other exceptions. In addition, some words bereft of the letter c, like sentimentally, are anomalously constructed. Note, too, that other major parts of speech include words that end in -ly: for example, the nouns ally and bully, the adjectives friendly and lonely, and the verbs apply and supply. (Also, adjectives ending in -ly have no adverbial form.) To summarize, if an adjective ends in -al, append -ly to produce its adverbial form. If an adjective does not end in -al, attach -ly without inserting -al first to transform it into an adverb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:When to use "on" and when to use "in"Hyper and Hypo45 Idioms About the Number One

Specialised nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Specialised nursing - Essay Example His care management needs will be complicated his diagnoses of autism, depression, and gastric cancer. The delivery of care will follow mainly the care pathway of mental health nursing with inclusion of elements in palliative care for gastric cancer. Evidence: People with autistic disorder have significantly increased rates of depression and bipolar affective disorder. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorders is more easily made in those who are verbal than in those who are severely handicapped, and therefore diagnosis, monitoring, and communication would be very challenging with John while conducting his care (Ghaziuddin, Ghaziuddin, and Greden, 2002, 299-306). Most patients with gastric cancer present in an advanced state. It has been found that palliative surgery is the only possible way. He is facing death without knowing its implications. From the nursing perspective, one of the main reasons for measuring the patient satisfaction is to provide information to facilitate care, which is impossible in this patient. For autistic patients admission to a hospital may be detrimental due to fear of exposure. The care management must consider nursing him in a special quiet room near the nursing station with frequent monitoring (Aylott, 200 4, 828-833). Palliation is an emerging model of care that emphasizes the supportive role of healthcare practitioners throughout illness with the main strategy being symptomatic control with the care being holistic so that suffering can be relieved at all stages of the illness (Dell et al., 2008, 177-182). Autistic persons with depression often show an increase in social withdrawal. When depression sets in, the level of isolation and withdrawal gradually increases. The problem may arise in the area of communication, which is an essential part of holistic care. It is important to note that the patients with autism are difficult to manage, and the care planning and management becomes more difficult in the given situation. Due only to his autism, he can become anxious and agitated when his routine environment changes. His admission to the hospital creates such a situation, since hospital is an unfamiliar environment for him. Special care must be taken to ensure an optimum care environme nt (Aylott, 2001, 166-172). Gastric Cancer: The main feature of a cancer cell is loss of regulation of the process of cellular multiplication. The growth of normal cells is rigidly regulated. In cancer cells, however, this growth control mechanism is lost or altered, causing cancer cells to divide continuously and without regard for the tissue requirements. As malignant cells replicate they grow in an irregular pattern, infiltrating surrounding tissue. This can result in infiltration of the lymphatics and/or blood vessels. By gaining access to these vessels malignant cells can be carried to other sites within the patient's body, where they will replicate and grow. To ensure that these malignant cells receive nourishment to thrive, angiogenesis occurs, which is the formation of new blood vessels. If left untreated, these cells will result in localized recurrence of the cancer and eventual spread. The spread of the malignant cells extends outward from the original tumour (Gilbey et al., 2004, 903-911). Surgery is the main modality of treatment of gastric cancer with very poor survival (Balmain, 2001, 77-82). The development of an individualized treatment plan for a patient must take

Socratic Seminar on Catcher in the Rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Socratic Seminar on Catcher in the Rye - Essay Example However, based on the social changes in modern society, the novel turned out to be popular among adolescent and young people in the society. To confirm its popularity in modern inclusive and challenging society, the work has been translated into almost all major languages in the world. Every year, more than 250,000 copies are sold. So far, more than 65,000,000 copies have been distributed and sold in almost all parts of the world. Despite becoming one of the most popular characters in modern society, Holden Caufield has become an icon for young people especially in developed countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America. The Root Cause of Holden’s Problems Holden’s problem started one Saturday afternoon when he was late to attend a football match with a rival school, Saxon Hall. In addition to being late for the game, Holden lost most of the fencing team’s equipment in New York City on a subway, forcing the game to be cancelled for lack of the required equipment. He was criticised by his fellow teammates for being ineffective and an unreliable manager of the fencing team. As a result of being late for the game and emerging as an incompetent leader, Holden lost his valuable leadership position. The incompetence of Holden is also demonstrated when he stated that â€Å"somebody had thrown his cookies† which meant that someone has pocked (Salinger 39). The embattled leader was also expelled from school for engaging in unacceptable behavior both within the school compound and outside the school compound. Holden decided to visit the home of his history teacher, Mr. Spencer to inquire about his performance and to convince him to award him better marks for his history paper. However, to Holden’s surprise, the old man read his history paper aloud. This act humiliated Holden to an extent that he was forced to leave and head towards New York City. In attempt to advise him on the importance of having a descent and honorable life, Spencer told Holden â€Å"life is a game† (Salinger 41) where everyone should learn to understand and effectively apply the rules of the game without searching for any favor or support for unacceptable activities and behaviors. Although he was disappointed by Spencer’s reaction, Holden took his word seriously and went on with his way. The character’s problems emerged out of his percepti on towards life and his inability to withstand testing and challenging situations in life. In his life, Holden assumed that life is a simple path where everyone can be manipulated for personal interests and gain. For instance, his plan to visit his history teacher was aimed at trying to convince him to award him better grades without considering his mistakes. He also intended to convince him to intervene in ensuring that his suspension was revoked. However, to his surprise, Mr. Spencer humiliated him. Later in the story, the readers are informed that out of frustration in life, Holden attempted several times to commit suicide due to life’s challenges. For instance the character was spotted saying that â€Å"any goddam stupid useless conversations with anybody† (Salinger 91). Holden the narrator The narrator is Holden. He is telling his story to individuals who lack the ability of withstanding life’s complications and people who do not abide by the rule of law. T he narrator explores some of the challenges that he has been undergoing in his own youthful life. In the novel, it is clear that the narrator has a very challenging life both at school and in his home. There was continuous conflict between the narrator and his family. The intensive disagreement between

Knife Gun And Gang Crime In East London Criminology Essay

Knife Gun And Gang Crime In East London Criminology Essay In this Project I will be writing about crime in East London. The main reason I chose to do Crime was because crime has been a key factor in how it has affected many people across the world. The types of crime I will talk about are Knife, Gun, and Gang. East London is located in London and an easier way to find it is by any post code as anything beginning with E is part of East London. In general East London is a very multi-cultural society with many sets of group living there and in it you can find something from all parts of the world but recently, over the past 3 years has been hit by a number of crime related incidents which have affected many people in the area from the young to the old. I will now write about crimes which occurred over the past 20 years and give examples of some I will also define the meaning of each crime and also the word crime, so that people know what they mean. The word Crime can simply mean an action that breaks the law but different people have different opinions of what they think of the word crime: The three main types of crime I will talk about are knife, Gun and Gang. Knife crime can be any crime that involves a knife. This could include many aspects such as: carrying or trying to buy a knife if youre under 18, threatening people with a knife, carrying a knife that is banned. Knife Crime in the Past 20 years wasnt such a major problem because knives were not easy to get hold of and the main purpose of having a knife was for home purposes such as cooking etc. The most common knife crime was committed in the very early 70s by a person who was known as Jack the ripper, who killed more than 5 people by raping his victims and slicing their throats with a knife and hiding his victims under the floor boards in plastic bags. Gun Crime can be anything that involves a gun for example a murder where the victim is shot, any situation where a gun is fired, intimidating people with a weapon, carrying a gun that is banned, such as a handgun, carrying or using an imitation gun such as a plastic or toy gun. In the 17th century a series of gun related crimes were committed in the East London by the person called Thomas Hopkins, in which he kidnapped people who had caused him grief and trouble in his childhood and took them to his house where he put them through pain and eventually killed them by shooting them through the brain blowing their heads off. He had 3 victims killed before soon realising that no one could help with his illness and he shot himself to death on the 4th of March 1799. Gang crime could be a gang in a large group of people who maynt be involved in crime and violence. Many young people will not realise they are in a gang, they will just think they are in a group of friends. Being in a gang is not illegal only the criminal offences committed within the gang is illegal. The most commonly known gang crimes were committed in east London by two people who were also bothers named the Kray twins, (Ronnie and Reggie). They worked together to commit a number of violent assaults, arson, armed robberies and other organised crimes. They were known as the East End gangsters and the Godfathers of Britain. Both sets of bothers were sentenced to imprisonment once found guilty by the police. Since then they both have died. In this section of my project I will talk about the crime in East London in the recent years. It is quite obvious that crime compared to the past 20 years has increased and below I will talk about why it has increased and give some examples of people who have been affected by the type of crimes. Figures and research show that crime has increased by 25% in the East London with Knife and Gang crime being the highest of number of Crimes committed. Knife Crime in East London has recently increased from the past. This is down to an increase of Gangs and easier ways to get in possession of a knife. An example of knife crime in East London was On Sunday 7th October; a boy was stabbed to death when he tried to stop a gang stealing a friends mobile phone in West Ham Park. It was due to him protecting his friends and was innocently stabbed and died on the scene. The reason why people especially young people may carry knives around is due to the number of Knife crime happening in the area, and in order for them to feel safe and secure they carry a knife around with them or if they are part of a gang it could have been pressured on them to carry one or as the rest of the gang may have one, then the young person has to have one to feel as if they are part of it and not left out, and in case anyone tries to stab them or attack them with a knife they have something to use against the attacker. Gun Crime is a lot fewer then Knife crime. A boy from London has made British criminal history by becoming the youngest person to be convicted for possessing a firearm. The boy, aged 13 at the time and cant be named for legal reason, said he was storing a Russian-made pistol, two silencers and ammunition in his mothers home as a favour for an older gang member. Many people will not carry a gun on them, but may be in possession of one or may know somewhere where one is easy to get hold of. Gun Crime is not so common is East London as it has been harder to get hold of guns and find them. The largest number of gangs in East London are said to be in Hackney, (22 gangs); Enfield in north London (13); Lambeth and Merton in south London (12 gangs each); Waltham Forest(8) in north east London. Gangs are found to have around 20 to 30 members and to commit crimes in smaller groups of three to six, as being in a large group could get people suspicious. Religion was also found to be a key factor, with some gangs solely being just Muslims or Catholics members and there is rather few gangs with a mixture of race and religion in them as people feel a mixture of people in a gang cant be trusted. A former gang leader said some young people became gang members in order to feel protected. They feel safe in a gang because you have got older people in the gang who are always going to look after them; they feel like we are their olders almost like brothers and family member. You are always moving as a pack. Its as you fight in a war people out there in the world are out to come after us and take us down we have to keep on the move. It is very common that if you find a large gang that someone normally the higher rate leader will be in possession of a gun for safety purposes or to use in case of a gang feuds. There is one other Main issue why gang crime has increased and has been created in East London and this is down to which postcode they live in. Teenagers marked as E5 or E9 were at risk of being attacked for straying into the wrong area. Simply crossing to the other side of a street which borders two postcodes could end in violence. An Example of these post-code gangs is that one teenage girl has been a victim of two attacks due to the area she comes from and the area she went into. The Most common way of people asking where the people are from by asking What Ends are you from? giving a wrong answer at this point could have you attacked or mugged. The reason why this happens is that Gangs feel like their area is their territory and that no one should cross, especially people from opposite postcode. This Type of gang crime has become so bad people dont feel safe walking through some areas and have to find alternative routes to get home etc. Unfortunately some people are unaware that they may be in a gang, a large group of friends could be hanging out together, something which may be normal to them, but people may feel that they are in a gang as people walking past may feel intimidated by the size and feel unsafe. So it shows you that you dont need to be committing crimes in a gang to be classified as being in a g ang. All crimes are related to each other in some shape or form. Due to the increase of Knife Crime and overall crime more and more people are joining gangs to feel safe and have people protecting them. These gangs cause crime and will carry some sort of weapon with them normally a knife and maybe a gun. So all these types of crime are linked within each other. Many things have been done to reduce crime in East London. A new law was created by the government that police have the right to stop and search anyone they think might be in possession of a weapon or look suspicious. Many people have their own point of view on this topic. Some people think that it is inappropriate as police says its a random stop and search. While they could be searching someone by random who is innocence someone else carrying a knife would not being searched as and walking about with a Knife. I personally have been stopped and searched and think its a time consuming process and waste both mines and police time as I know that Im not carrying a weapon and the police time as they not find nothing on me. Tougher sentence have been put in place for people who carry a knife or stab or kill someone using a weapon, as more people would know that they cant get away. There is more surveillance put in place as more police officers have been put on patrol on the streets to hel p reduce the crimes and make the public feel safer. Also another new law that has been created by the government is the rise in the age of people who can buy a knife as now people have to be over 18 to be able to purchase a knife from a shop. This law allows young people from being able to stop them from buying a knife and going out and using it. Even ASBOs (anti social behaviour order) have been given to some gangs and gangs members to try to make them stop hanging around in large groups and causing trouble but some people think that ASBOS are a tag of pride and use it to show people that they have it and show off about it thinking it is a good thing and its not working for the police. Thats why many more police officers are patrolling the streets of East London to stop large groups hanging around and try to get them to move away from residential areas. The reason why crime occurs in east London I think is due to poverty as people dont have money so they go out and commit crimes to ensure that they get money and the things they need. So doing these crimes would make them money or stealing from people by using a knife to threaten them to hand over their items. So I think money and greed are the biggest motivation why so many people go out there and commit crimes. Poor upbringing is another reason why people who have failed in life or no longer attend school or college for reasons like being excluded from it are more likely to go out and commit crimes. Has they dont have anything to do and they know that they dont have a good future ahead and some believe that prison life is much easier than the real world. Also some people think that crime is the easier option to take in life as its easy money to get hold of. The way crime has increased over the time has affected the world, as East London is such a multi-cultural area; many people want to come over to East London from all parts of the world. The people have heard about the crimes that have occurred in east London, which may make them feel unsafe as they would be new to the country, and make them reconsider about coming over in case they get caught up in any of the crime. The reason why crime has stayed on the increased and not gone down since the past is down to not harsh enough punishment given to the people who get caught. So if someone was caught committing a crime and faced a punishment they would know that they wont get away and make them re-think about not going out and committing the crimes as they would know that the punishment would be a substantial one. I think that the crimes that are occurring in east London are unnecessary and only just giving a bad name to East London and I think that East London will not be the same for a very long time as crimes if nothing is done to make them stop. All these crimes are affecting peoples live; people who live here are worried over their safety and outsiders who want to come over for a holiday or to live and will think twice. I think that the only way crime can be stopped is by getting the police to do more. Crime in East London hasnt really affected me in a way that much. The only way it has affected me is that all crimes that happen get blamed on the young people and I am one of the young people so even people who arent committing the crimes get given a bad name.

Description of Croquet The Internet Essay

In Victorian England, the game croquet was a completely neutral area where social ranking and gender did not matter, and about which people could interact without inhibition. For the past few years, it has been the goal of a research team of bright and visionary industry gurus, namely, Julian Lombardi, Mark McCahill, Andreas Raab, David Reed, and David Smith, to capture that sense of interactivity and bring it to the Internet. Their tool for doing so is Croquet, an open-source software system where information can be shared and converted into a three-dimensional framework. In the current paper, I intend to briefly define Croquet, present its applications and impact on cyberspace, and expound on its regulability and sociability as discussed by Lessig and Castells. Description of Croquet The Internet, for all its information and supposed interactivity, existed only as what Lombardi described as a â€Å"high-speed textbook†. Even though speed and quality of the hardware has improved drastically, the medium is still the same: information is displayed as if it was on a sheet of paper. Croquet developers tried to solve this problem and finally showed how they were making the Internet do its job differently. They opened with a 3-D courtyard dubbed the â€Å"Cirque du Croquet†. Croquet is focused on interaction within a 3D shared space and is a new open source computer operating system built from the ground up to enable deep collaboration among teams of users (Smith, Kay, Raab, & Reed, 2003). As such, it is fundamentally based on user space and users’ needs. Applications of Croquet Personally, I find it hard to imagine this 3D space as a true day-to-day working environment. It seems a bigger leap from the milestone we made from evolving from paper-based print to green screen interfaces, and from those old green screens to Windows. Then again, I am quite certain that it is not that big a leap to the generations that have been brought up with intense exposure to computer games in 3D environments – in stark contrast against Super Mario 2, Tetris, or Pac Man. I am willing to believe that this represents a valid scenario for the next shift— indeed, we have only been through a few generations of this web world, and the change continues to be markedly rapid. Inside Croquet, each avatar can make changes – move a virtual mirror, make changes to a document or spreadsheet, upload a picture and play a game of chess – and all of the changes are displayed to the other person in real time. Moreover, users can build a completely new space and move into it using arrow keys and the mouse. This new space can be either public or private, and users can place more information or graphics or even the link to an invisible page inside. Croquet’s 3D makeup also allows for more flexibility than existing online systems. Since windows can be tilted for a 360-degree view, it provides a perspective angle of flash animation. Basic paint programs can also render a new figure inside the software easily, as Lombardi (n. d. ) demonstrated by drawing a crude shark, which was instantly visible in a 3-D fishtank instantly. For a practical example, I Croquet may possibly be applied in a hospital setting. Croquet’s interactivity would be useful in fields like healthcare where poor communication is a major issue. A virtual tool like Croquet would give physicians a different way of organizing their information and test it out, while at the same time communicating with other doctors and modifying the data collectively. Moreover, since Croquet was designed as a highly modifiable environment, developers may intend and be able to add new tools and capabilities. Cyberspace Cyberspace is about making a different (or second) life (Lessig, 2006 – ensure that this is indicated in the references page). Croquet is basically Second Life, and much more. From an optimistic viewpoint, Croquet can be a private network. In other words, only those you want in your space can get in there. On the other hand, Second life sometimes violates the right of privacy of users by requiring them give their information to third party sources. Secondly, Croquet is probably more eye candy than anything else, but there are live snapshots of other virtual environments. This is the equivalent of bookmarks, but live pictures of what is going on at those other places. It would be great since the user would be privy about other people’s whereabouts without having to actually go there. In fact, Tanaka (2003) has expounded on this feature of Croquet, presenting it as an effectual means of processing hypermedia. He has specifically explored the concept of portals that pose strong promise in buiilding digital libraries of the future. In addition, in contrast with HTML, Croquet allows the viewing of spaces by users, and the movement of such portals. Users may also use these portals as bookmarks, allowing the memorization of this target space (Tanaka, 2003, p. 2). Lastly, Croquet is a complete 3D workspace that allows for co-creativity, knowledge sharing and deep social presence among large numbers of people at a time (Tanaka, 2003). On the other hand, from pessimistic view, I am worried about the ease of use of Croquet. Yes, the people who designed it could navigate and get around, but it looks a bit more complicated than Second Life. There are certain questions that are left unanswered at this point. For instance, are there logs of everything that happens? What about the ability to lock down certain aspects of the world. If every user can manipulate and change an environment can a student accidentally/deliberately delete a world a teacher creates? The answers to these questions point to aspects of control that must be explicitly answered, whilst the advantages of Croquet seem apparent. The degree of control that a user has on these powerful aspects of Croquet may partly determine how aptly users will utilize it. Regulability One other issue of the effectuality of Croquet is its regulability. For instance, the creation of â€Å"open† and globally scalable social computing spaces can cause some to ask the following: To what extent will we need to impose â€Å"rules† on people’s behaviors in such spaces? What types of â€Å"rules† are necessary? Who will come up with such â€Å"rules† and how will they be enforced? How can we find a balance between personal liberty and the need for regulating behaviors in â€Å"open† cyberspaces? These are but some of the sensitive issues that have to be explicitly dealt with before the full, successful launch of Croquet is possible. Life in cyberspace is regulated primarily through the code of cyberspace (Lessig, 2006). I think Croquet as it is being developed now does not have regulability as a central concern. However, over time, if Croquet spreads and increases in popularity, users will begin to realize the importance of and build regulability back in. Croquet’s users/developers may freely share, modify and view the source code of the entire system. In other words, users can make their own regulability in their worlds. The single biggest reason why Croquet will become the future operating system is that the users can run and modify the code that the worlds are built on and they can integrate their own application. While Croquet seems to be the perfect tool for encouraging knowledge sharing and creativity, a structure for regulating it must be clearly defined to be able to ensure its success. There may be areas that seem vague at the moment, including the rules that should regulate it, the enforcing parties, and the level of control that the system must accorded to its users. The fact that regulability seems to rely solely on the hands of users may be both risky and dangerous – and is an aspect that must be seriously dealt with by the system’s advocates. Sociability The spread of Internet is making social exchanges based on fake identities and role-playing (Castells, 2001 – make sure this source is indicated in your bibliography). Those of us who have participated heavily in online communities over the years have substantial experience in dealing with imposters, forgers, and the ever-present anonymous cowards who can disrupt meaningful discourse. Effective online educational environments must be efficiently insulated from such craft. The Croquet project team is looking into integrating federated identity management system. By doing so, Croquet users who use their own institutional login/password could access protected resources in Croquet places that are hosted by other communities. Federate identity management system would provide numerous benefits to the educational and institutional use of Croquet. For example, multiple institutions could cooperate in creating restricted access learning environments in which students and educators from those institutions could interact and learn – without the need for each institution to set up an account for all the users of such spaces. A side benefit of this is that Fair Use limitation provisions on copyright laws would allow copyrightable materials to be distributed in such spaces – a feature that is really important to educators (and is probably one of the main reasons that academic institutions employ the use of cumbersome Course Management Systems over plain old websites, blogs, and wikis). Conclusion The current paper began with a brief introduction of Croquet, presenting it as a new soft ware that allows users to interact within a three-dimensional shared space, and which seems to be tailor fit to user space and their needs. This new software will allow each avatar to make changes that shall be displayed in 3D format, in real time. Croquet also holds promise to settings that require intensive interactivity, such as in hospital settings – the software prospectively allows doctors to communicate and change data collaboratively. Both the negative and positive aspects of Croquet as a channel in cyberspace has been presented. On a positive note, it may be used as a private network, an effective hypermedia processor, and a channel that encourages knowledge sharing, creativity and interaction. On the other hand, it may pose risks against users’ right to privacy, and has obvious ambivalent problems with regards to regulability and sociability. In our library and information space, we can see how our special information expertise contributes to the success of our users and the teams we work in and with. If Croquet is inevitable, we had better be early adopters. In order to use this Croquet scenario effectively, in our own visioning sessions, we can use it as a framework to think about what our future workspaces, offices, and intranets will look like. What skills will we need? What skills do we already have that will increase in importance? How can information be delivered in this environment? How do we increase our relevance in this kind of space? Good questions and ones that we should struggle to understand now and not much later when we have already been immersed in the wave of change. References Lombardi, J. (n. d. ) Socio-computational systems, virtual environments, learning contexts, and the Croquet Project. Retreived on January 31, 2008 from http://jlombardi. blogspot. com Smith, D. , Kay, A. , Raab, A. , & Reed, P. (2003). Croquet – a collaboration system architecture. IEEE Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, 2. Tanaka, K. (2003). Tea-time museum: Croquet as a browsing and searching environment for digital libraries. IEEE Conference on Creating, Connecting and Collaborating through Computing, 12.